Lecture 27 Flashcards
Chyme
The partially digested food mass that passes from the stomach duodenum
Hydrolysis
Addition of water in a reaction resulting the splitting of the compound into smaller units
Rumination process
Prehension Chewing Mixing with saliva Swallowing Fermentation (microbes break down in rumen) Regurgitation Reswallowing Further fermentation Movement through stomach compartments
Regurgitation
Ppt he return of food from the rumen for the purpose of performing B-D numerous times. Brought about by multiple steps
Regurgitation steps
Contraction of rumen and reticulum
Opening of cardia (cardiac sphincter has to dialate)
Inspiration with glottis closed (pressure becomes negative, lumen formed in esophagus)
Reverse peristalsis (4x faster than regular peristalsis, caudal to cranial direction, material drawn up in mouth)
Small intestine- three segments
Duodenum (initial 5%)
Jejunum (next 90%)
Ileum (last 5%)
Small intestine-functions
Metabolism and absorption
Small intestine-anatomical features contributing to functions
Papillae- glands
Ducts- liver and pancreas
Small intestines- secretions
Water
Salts
Mucus
Enzymes
Layers of small intestine
Serous (connective tissue)
Muscular (two layers of smooth muscle)
Submucosa (blood vessels and nerves)
Mucosa (borders lumen)
Small intestine- enzymes
Enterokinase (produced by glands in intestine) Maltase(maltose-2 glucose) Lactase (lactose-glucose and galactose) Sucrase (sucrose-glucose and fructose) Peptidase (amino acids COOH and NH2)
Pancreas
Exocrine(duct) and endocrine gland (hormones)
Separate duct in pig and cattle
Enzymes
Lipase
Pancreas- enzymes
Trypsinogen Chymotrypsinogen Amylase (starch-maltose) Maltase Lipase (fats-fatty acids and glycerol)
Pancreas-sodium bicarbonate
Increases PH
Secretin and cholecystokinin…increase secretion of bile
Liver functions
Storage and formation of animal starch Secretion of bile Detoxification of poisons (lactic acid) Breakdown of Uric acid Desaturation of fatty acids
