Anatomy Of The Upper Digestive System And Stomach Flashcards
Alimentary
Pertaining to food or nutrition
Papillae
A small protrusion or process
Components?
Mouth Pharynx Alimentary canal Accessory glands Blood vessels Nerves
Pharynx
Swallowing
Skeletal muscle
Alimentary canal
Connects from esophagus to anus
Enter Canal along body
Accessory glands
Salivary glands
Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands…pancreas liver
Glandular tissue
Blood vessels
Hepatic blood circulation
Providing oxygen to organs
Nerves
Controls effector tissues Smooth muscle/skeletal muscle/ glands Walls of alimentary canal Esophagus and anus: skeletal In between: both
Factors involving digestion
Physical: chewing grasping mixing
Chemical: hcl Naco2
Biological: hormones and enzymes and microbes
Anatomy of upper digestive system: boundaries
Dorsal: hard and soft pellet
Cadual: entering pharynx
Ventral: soft tissue…floor of mouth
Lateral/cranial: teeth
Anatomy of upper digestive system: vestibule
In front of teeth and lips between teeth and cheeks…in front of cranial boundary
Temporary storage, protects mouth cavity proper
Anatomy of upper digestive system: lips
Must have muscle tissue
Most flexible: horses
Least flexible: pigs
Anatomy of upper digestive system: hard palate
Non-secreting mucous membrane
Lampers: inflammation of raphe
Anatomy of upper digestive system: tongue composition
Smooth and skeletal muscle
Anatomy of upper digestive system: tongue divisions
Tip: loose part (grasping) cranial
Body: tip to middle (frenulum)
Root: most stable (swallowing) caudal
Anatomy of upper digestive system: tongue papillae
Raised area
Filiform: tip hairs…no taste receptors
Fungiform: sparse…toad spools…taste receptors
Valate: body…taste receptors/ serous glands
Anatomy of upper digestive system:
Tongue functions
Grasping swallowing Tasting Grooming Food processing Nursing Vocalization
Anatomy of upper digestive system: salivary glands ( parotid)
Exocrine
Saliva aids in swallowing
Located at jaw
Autonomic
Anatomy of upper digestive system: salivary glands (mandibular)
Located on sides of the mandible
Duct directs toward lower jaw
Anatomy of upper digestive system: salivary glands (sublingual)
Located under tongue along body of nerve
Anatomy of upper digestive system: teeth (substance)
Consists of body and root; crown is portion above the gum line. Approx 95% of the tooth development takes place prior to tooth eruption
Teeth-dentine
Formed by inward movement of odontoblasts; contains the pulp cavity
When pulp cavity is exposed., it fills in with secondary dentine
Teeth- enamel
Outside covering; hardest substance; formed by outward growth of enamelblasts; covered by cuticle
Teeth- cement
Formed by cementoblasts; outer covering turns black when stained with mucus and grass juice
Anatomy of upper digestive system: teeth (classifications)
Classifications of teeth is based upon positioning and function
Incisors
Cutting teeth at cranial end, also used for defense
Canines
Tusks, tushes, bridle teeth, eye teeth; only in boars, stallions and geldings
Used for fighting and digging
Deer and goats don’t have them
Premolars
First three cheek teeth; used for grinding; rudimentary P1 called wolf teeth
Generally pulled
Molars
Actual grinding teeth
Last three teeth up and bottom
Cheek teeth
Premolars and molars
Hand hold
Space located caudal to incisors
Needle teeth
Canine and premolars
Anatomy of upper digestive system:stomach
Simple: mono gastric
Prefers chemical aspects of digestion prior to fermentation
Compound: multi stomach
Performs fermentation prior to digestion with chemical aspects
Anatomy of upper digestive system: simple stomach regions
Cardium: leading from esophagus to stomach
Has a ring called a sphincter that dilated and constricts around the esophagus
Pylorus: stomach to intestines called pyloric sphincter
Anatomy of upper digestive system: simple stomach layers
Esophageal: no secretions, nonglandular
Cardiac: produces mucus, glandular
Fundic: produces hcl, mucus, pepsinogen, lipase
Pyloric: everything fundic does except hcl
Anatomy of upper digestive system: the compound stomach
Nonglandular: Rumen, reticulum, omasum
Digestion with chemical aspects then fermentation
Glandular: abomasum
Fermentation then digestion with chemical aspects
Digestion
Process by which ingested food is broken down and prepared for assimilation
