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Animal Science 220 > Anatomy And Physiology Of The Heart > Flashcards

Anatomy And Physiology Of The Heart Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Systole

A

The rhythmic contraction of the heart muscle

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1
Q

Diastole

A

The period in the complete heart beat when the heart muscle releases and the chambers fill with blood

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2
Q

Stenosis

A

A narrowing canal or vessel

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3
Q

Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle

A

All the events that occur in one heartbeat

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4
Q

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle: All Valves Closed (diastole)

A

Atria filling
All valves closed
Atrial pressure increasing
Short phase

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5
Q

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle: A-V Valves Forced Open

A

Heart is still in diastole
Atrial Pressure> Ventricular Pressure
Atria approximately 95% full
ventricular about 70% full

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6
Q

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle: Atria Contract

A

Ventricle still in diastole
Atrial systole
Right atrium starts before left atrium
Remaining 30% forced into ventricles

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7
Q

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle: Atria Relaxed

A

Atria and Ventricle are both diastole

Ventricular pressure> atrial pressure

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8
Q

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle: Ventricles Contract

A

Ventricle Systole
AV valves close
Aortic and Pulmonary valves forced open
Ventricle contract, beginning at apex

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9
Q

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle: Relaxation of Ventricles

A

Arterial Pressure> Ventricular Pressure
Blood flows back towards ventricles
Pulmonary and Aortic valves are shut
AV Valves still closed

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10
Q

Valves of the Heart: Function of AV valves

A

Permissive: open property
Prohibitive: close property

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11
Q

Valves of the Heart: Valvular Damage

A

Valvular Insufficiency or Incompetence…valve not closing properly…allowing blood to return where it came from
stenosis: narrowing of a canal or vessel
Endocarditis: inflammation in the heart
Erysipelas: scar tissue developing around the valve
Rheumatic Fever: diagnosed with a heart murmur

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12
Q

Intrinsic

A

Belonging naturally to a part or individual

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13
Q

Extrinsic

A

Being outside of the nature of something

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14
Q

Brady-

A

The combining form of the word “slow”

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15
Q

Tachy-

A

The combining form of the word “fast”

16
Q

Intrinsic Conduction System: Sino-Atrial Node

A

Between cranial vena cava and right atria wall
Pacemaker of the heart
Consists of cells with the fastest rate of firing
Lowest threshold of depolarization

17
Q

Intrinsic Conduction System: Inter Nodal Fiber Bundles

A

In wall of atria

Spreads impulses throughout atria

18
Q

Intrinsic Conduction System: Atrioventricular Node

A

Collects waves of depolarization
In atrial septum near ventricles
Gathers impulse to be sent to a AV bundle

19
Q

AV Bundle

A

In ventricular septum
Composed of small diameter cardiac muscle fibers
Conducts impulse towards apex

20
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Third form of cardiac muscle
Mammals have in ventricle
In ventricular walls
Conducts Impulse from AV bundle to muscle fibers to ventricles

Twists..blood is pushed upward and is forced out

21
Q

Functions of the Ventricle Septum

A

Separates oxygen rich from oxygen poor
Composed of myocardium…aids in contraction of heart
Site of AV bundle…transmits wave of depolarization

22
Q

Extrinsic Conduction System

A

Autonomic portion of the peripheral nervous system (ANS)

Sympathetic…drift increases causes heart to speed up
Parasympathetic…drift decreases caused heart to slow down
Endocrine

23
Q

ECG: P Wave

A

Spread of depolarization throughout the atrial muscle ( precedes atrial systole)

24
Q

ECG: QRS Wave

A

Spread of depolarization throughout the ventricular muscle (precedes ventricular systole)

25
Q

ECG: T Wave

A

Repolarization of ventricles (follows ventricular systole

26
Q

ECG: PR Interval

A

The time from the onset of the P-Wave to the beginning of the QRS

27
Q

ECG: ST interval

A

The time at which the ventricle is depolarized (plateau phase of the ventricular action potential)

28
Q

ECG: QT Interval

A

The time for both ventricular depolarization and repolarization (duration of ventricular action potential)

29
Q

Heart Block

A

Intrinsic: AV Node and AV Bundles are affected
Extrinsic: interference from autonomic systems or adrenal medulla (tumor)…often in vagus nerve

30
Q

Cardiac Output

A

CO=volume of blood pumped by the heart in a unit measure of time

CO=beats per min times volume pumped by heart per beat

31
Q

Fibrillation

A

Heart is depolarizing while other part is repolarizing

Have to change heart to make beats normal

32
Q

Starlings Law

A

Force of contraction heart = stretch of heart muscle

Animal Science 220 (22 decks)

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