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Animal Science 220 > Bones, Joints, And Cartilage Of The Skeleton > Flashcards

Bones, Joints, And Cartilage Of The Skeleton Flashcards

0
Q

Hiatus

A

An opening or foramen

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1
Q

Hilus

A

The point of the organ where nerves and blood vessels enter and exit

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2
Q

Foramen

A

An opening or hole in a bone or membrane through which pass nerves or blood vessels

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3
Q

The Skeletal System-Functions

A

Storage-minerals or calcium
Connects things together
Manufactures of certain materials
Body frame

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4
Q

The Skeletal System-Components

A

Bone-osteology
Cartilage-chondrology
Joints-arthroscopy
Teeth-odontology

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5
Q

Divisions-Appendicular

A

bones, joints, cartilage associated with limbs

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6
Q

Divisions-Axial

A

Bones,jones, cartilage, teeth associated with long axis of the animal

Example, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skull

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7
Q

Divisions-Visceral

A

Bones embedded in soft tissue

Example, os cordis, os rostri, os penis (all found in median plane)

Support for soft tissue

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8
Q

Haversian Canal

A

Canal in middle of bone

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9
Q

Lamellae

A

Thin plate in bone

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10
Q

Osteocyte

A

Mature blood cells

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11
Q

Canaliculi

A

Canal in bone

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12
Q

Inorganic Matter

A

Tricalcium Phosphate- main component of bone

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13
Q

Osteon

A

Only found in cortex of bone

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14
Q

How are bones classified?

A

Appearance and function

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15
Q

Long Bone

A

Femur and radius
Extended in one direction
Provides support

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16
Q

Short Bones

A

Do not have meridal cavity
Provides cushioning between long bones to absorb shock
In wrist and ankle

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17
Q

Flat Bone

A

Expanded in two directions
Provides protection
Pelvis,scapula,ribs,skull

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18
Q

Sesamoid Bone

A

Shaped like a sesameed seed

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19
Q

Pneumatic Bone

A

Has air filled cavity

Associated with sinuses

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20
Q

Irregular Bone

A

Vertebrae

Found in sites for protection

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21
Q

Cartilage Make Up

A

Not as dense as bone
Made up of chondrocytes
Not good blood flow

22
Q

Cartilage function

A

Gives support

Provides coverings on enols of bones

23
Q

Hyaline

A

Small nests of chondrocytes surrounded by a matrix of collagen fibers
Glossy, bluish in gross appearance
Example, rib to sternum

24
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Less dense compared to hyaline
Whitish in gross appearance
Herring bone pattern
Isolated chondrocytes in matrix of fine collagen fibers
Example, meniscus or discs between vertebrae

25
Q

Elastic

A

Matrix contains elastic fibers forming interlacing network
Yellowish in gross appearance
Highly flexible
Found in inner ear

26
Q

Bone Formation-Cartilagenous

A

Starts with cartilage then cartilage is replaced with bone overtime
Cartilaginous bars:areas that eventually become bone
Chondroclast:forms gaps in cartilaginous bars filled by osteoblasts which form osteocytes
(Primary bone is osteoclasts)

27
Q

Bone Formation-Membranous

A

Present in cranium and skull

Soft tissue

28
Q

Joint

A

Two bones come together

29
Q

How is a joint classified?

A

Characterized by the degree of movement

30
Q

Joint-Synarthroses

A

Little or no movement

Bones that make up pelvis and skull

31
Q

Joints-Amphiarthroses

A

Partial Movement

between most vertebrae

32
Q

Joints-Diarthoses

A

Complete movement-elbow, knee, carpel joint

  1. Articular Surfaces
  2. Articular cartilage
  3. Joint capsule (ligament)
  4. Joint cavity (synovial fluid)
33
Q

Degrees of Movement

A 
Immovable-joints of the skull
Hinge-elbow and knee
Pivot-joint below the skull
Ball and socket-shoulder and hip
Gliding-wrist and vertebrae
34
Q

Epi

A

Prefix meaning upon or subsequent to

35
Q

Exo

A

A prefix meaning outer or outward

36
Q

Endo

A

A prefix meaning inside or within

37
Q

Divisions of the Skeletal System

A

Axial
Appendicular
Visceral

38
Q

Axial

A

Directly associated with long axis
Composed of bones, joints, cartilage, and teeth
Components:vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skills

39
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

7 in land animals

C1-occipital bone-permits head to move up and down (yes joint)

40
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A

Dorsal or sinus processes
T1 and T2 have biggest height-measures in inches by top to ground
Hand =4 inches
Attachment site to ribs (thoracic vertebrae)

41
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A

Dorsal boundary of ab category
Prominent transverse processes
Cord ends at last vertebrae
Back loin of animal

42
Q

Sacral Vertebrae

A

Dorsal basing pelvic boundary

Fused to give more strength in that area

43
Q

Caudal or Coccygeal

A

Dock tails

44
Q

Components of Skeletal System-ribs and sternum

A

Articulate with T vertebrae and sternum by costal cartilage

Sternum-6 or 7 sternabrae
….irregular bones
…point on first sternabrae is manubrium
…last is called xiphoid process (began as cartilage)

45
Q

Sternal Ribs (individual bones called sternabrae)

A

First 6/7 pairs of ribs

46
Q

Asternal Ribs

A

Rest of the ribs held together by coastal cartilage

Have more movement because of thorastic breathing

47
Q

Crepitation

A

The noise or vibration that occurs when the ends of broken bone run together

48
Q

Trochanter

A

One or more bony projections of the proximal end of the femur

49
Q

Condyle

A

A round prominence at the end of the bone

50
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Bones, joints, cartilage found in a limb

Pectoral:bones and joints in the forelimb

51
Q

Facts about Muscles

A

Supraspinatus-lies above spine
Infraspinsters-lies below spine

Muscle can increase by…
Hyperplasia-increased number of cells
Hypertrophy-increased size of cells

Atrophy-decrease in muscle mass
Disuse
Neurotrophic-damaged (sloppy shoulder or Sweeney)

52
Q

Cursorial

A

Limited to only front and back movement

Animal Science 220 (22 decks)

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