Lecture 25&26

Question 1

Orifice

Answer 1

Any opening

Question 2

Eructate

Answer 2

To belch

Question 3

The compound stomach

Answer 3

Rumen (pauch)
Reticulum (honeycomb)
Omasum (many plies)
Abomasum (true stomach)

Question 4

Rumen

Answer 4

80% of total stomach volume
Extends from 7th rib to pelvis
Located on animals left side
External surface of rumen marked by grooves
Inside has muscular pillars which divide rumen into sacs
Epithelia arranged in papillae for traction and absorption
Ventral sacs have numerous papillae
Rumen microbes

Question 5

Functions of rumen

Answer 5

Organ for absorption
Organ of maceration
Fermentation vat
Site of bacterial digestion

Question 6

End products of digestion

Answer 6

Volatile fatty acid
Lactic acid
Essential amino acids
B-complex vitamins 
Carbon dioxide and methane

Question 7

Nutrients absorbed by the rumen

Answer 7

Water
Minerals
Vfas
Lactic acid

Question 8

Factors making rumen favorable environment

Answer 8

Dark
Warm
Proper ph (more acidic)
Moisture (salivary)
Continuous mixing 
Removal of end products (ph gets better)
Large capacity (20-30 gallons)

Question 9

Reticulum

Answer 9

Smallest of all compartments (5-7%)
Fermentation and absorption
Located in front of animals left side next to diaphragm
Received heavy matter (settled in reticulum)
Epithelial arranged in hexagon shape (honeycomb)
Esophageal groove (looks like tube)

Question 10

Omasum

Answer 10

Located on right side by reticulum (ball shape)
Epithelia arranged in leaves
Provides 1/3 of total surface area
Sulcus omasi groove (passageway)

Question 11

Abomasum

Answer 11

Located in ventral midline
First glandular portion of ruminant stomach
Possesses fundic and pyloric regions
Numerous folds (rugae)

Question 12

Sphincter

Answer 12

Circular arrangement of muscle fibers that function to close a lumen on an orifice

Question 13

Atelectasis

Answer 13

Partial collapse of lung or alveoli