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Animal Science 220 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

0
Q

The Endocrine System: Hormones

A

Chemical Messengers secreted into the blood or extracellular fluid by one cell that affect the functioning of other cells

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1
Q

The Endocrine System: Definition

A

That system that broadcasts its hormonal message to essentially all cells by secretion into blood and extracellular fluid…cells must bear a receptor for the hormone being broadcast in order to respond

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2
Q

Types of Actions: Endocrine

A

The hormone is distributed in blood and binds to distant target cells

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3
Q

Types of Actions: Paracrine

A

The hormone acts locally by diffusing from its source to target cells in the area

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4
Q

Types of Actions: Autocrine

A

The hormone acts on the same cell that produced it

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5
Q

The Pituitary Gland

A

A roundish organ that lies immediately beneath the hypothalamus, resting in depression of the base of the skull called the sella turcica

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6
Q

Pituitary Gland: 3 parts

A

Anterior Pituitary: composed of cells that secrete protein hormones

Posterior Pituitary: composed largely of axons of hypothalamic neurons, which extend downward as a large bundle behind anterior pituitary

Stalk: portion of the posterior pituitary that suspends the anterior gland from the hypothalamus

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7
Q

Anterior Pituitary: Growth Hormone

A

target: liver, adipose tissue

Promotes growth, control of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism

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8
Q

Anterior Pituitary: Thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

Target: thyroid gland

Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

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9
Q

Anterior Pituitary: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

A

Target: adrenal gland

Stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids

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10
Q

Anterior Pituitary: Prolactin

A

Target: Mammary a Gland

Milk production

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11
Q

Anterior Pituitary: Luteinizing Hormone

A

Target: ovary and testies

Control of repro function

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12
Q

Anterior Pituitary: Follicle Stimulating Hormone

A

Target: Ovary and testies

Control of repro function

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13
Q

Posterior Pituitary: Antidiuretic Hormone

A

Target: kidney

Conservation of body water

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14
Q

Posterior Pituitary:Oxytocin

A

Target: ovary and testies

Stimulates milk ejection and uterine contractions

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15
Q

Pineal Body

A

Melatonin: aids night activity in reptiles and amphibians

16
Q

The Thyroid Gland

A

Thyroxin and triiodothyronine: growth, metabolism and cellular differentiation

Calcitonin: minor role in decreasing blood calcium levels

17
Q

The Parathyroid Gland

A

Parathyroid Hormone: maintains blood calcium levels

18
Q

The Thymus Tissue

A

May control stem cell production of lymphocytes

19
Q

The Adrenal Glands

A

Glucocorticoids: promote gluconeogenesis, decrease inflammatory reaction, affect muscle tone, and excitability of nerves, affect fat and water metabolism, inherit cartilage growth and development

Aldosterone: maintains proper levels of blood sodium and phosphorus

Epinephrine: fight or flight reaction

20
Q

The Pancreas

A

Insulin: promotes movement of glucose into the cells

Glucagon: promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose

21
Q

Other glands

A 
Testis 
Ovaries
Uterus
Stomach
Small intestines 
Kidney
Liver
22
Q

Cell Surface Receptors

A

Proteins and peptides

Generation of second messengers which alter activity of other molecules usually enzymes within the cell

23
Q

Intracellular Receptors

A

Steroids and thyroid Hormones

Alter transcriptional activity of responsive genes

24
Q

Epinephrine

A

Flight or fight

In adrenal glands

25
Q

Aldosterone

A

Maintains proper levels of blood sodium and phosphorus

26
Q

Vasculature

A

Total circulation…blood leaves one organ and is directed to another

27
Q

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Relationship

A

Regulates balance of the nervous system

28
Q

Melatonin

A

Aids night activity for reptiles and amphibians

PINEAL BODY

29
Q

Calcitonin

A

Minor role in decreasing blood calcium levels

Animal Science 220 (22 decks)

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