Lecture 26 B Flashcards
Pineals gland become ______ with age
Fibrous and calcified
Pineal gland is called _____ because
Third eye becuase its influence on secretory activity is related to the amount of light entering the eyes
Pineal glands main hormone secreted is _____
Melatonin,
Regulates biological clock and can affect mood
Thyroid gland main function
Cellular metabolism
Blood calcium levels
Stores considerable amounts of its hormones in follicles
T3 and t4 stimulate
Cellular metabolism
Calcitonin has role in
Blood calcium concentration
t4 thyroxine/ tetraiodothyronine has ____ iodine atoms
4
Principal thyroid hormones
Triiodothyronine (t3)
Goiter
Enlarged thyroid —> lack of iodine in diet —->hypothryroidism
Hyperthyroidism (graves diseaseO
Increased levels of thyroid hormones
Calcitonin decrease
The blood calcium concentration by increasing osteoclast activity
Calcitonin maintains homeostasis of blood calcium by preventing _____
Hyperclcemia
Parathyroid gland is
4 or t small gland found on back of thyroid
Parathyroid gland increase
Increases blood calcium concentration by increasing the breakdown of bones
Has opposite effect of calcitonin
Balance of _________ by the opposite effects of calcitonin and PTH is critical to life
Blood calcium
Adrenal gland is made up of what two glands
Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
What is the adrenal cortex composed of _______ and secretes ______
Endocrine tissue and secreteese corticoids
Adrenal medulla is _____ part, is composed of ______ and secretes _______
Inner part
Composed of nuerosecretory tissue
Secretes stress hormone
3 layers of adrenal cortex secrete ________ all are steroids known as _________
Hormones
Corticosteroids
What are the 3 layers of adrenal cortex
Zona glomerulosa (outer) Zona fasiculata (middle) Zona reticularis (inner)
Outer
Mineralocorticoids
Mid
Glucocorticoids
Inner
Gonadocorticoids
Mineralcorticoids help control
The amount of certain mineral salts/ electrolyter in the blood
Glucocoticoids help maintain
Normal blood glucose concentration by increasing gluconeogenesis of liver cells
Glucocoriticoids make it possible for
Other hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla to maintain a normal degree of vasoconstriction
Glucocorticoids act wiht _______ to produce ___________
Epinephrine to prod anti inflammatory effect
What is the main glucocorticoid
Cortisol
Gonadocorticoids are ________
Androgens
Gonadocorticoids similar to
Testosterone
Pancreatic islets contain ____ type of endocrine cells
5 types
Alpha cells secrete (pancreatic)
Glucagon
Beta cells secrete
Insulin
Glucagon increase
Blood glucose by accelerating glycogenolysis
Type one diabetes
insulin dependent (dont secrete enough insulin)
Type two diabetes
Non insulin dependent
Insulin resistance and decreased production
Ovaries secrete what hormones (2)
Estrogens
Progesterone
Estrogen secreted by
Ovarian follicles
Progesterone secreted by ______ and maintains the lining of the _______
Corpus luteum
Uterus
What is placenta and what does it serve as _______ and produces __________
Tissues that form on the lining of the uterus as a connection between the circulatory systems of the mother and developing child
Serves as a temporary endocrine gland
Human gonadotropin (hCG)
Thymus located in
Mediastinum
Cortex and medulla of thymus made primarily of
WBCs
The thymus secretes the hormone ______ which stimulates the development of _______
Thymosin
T-cells
What is Ghrelin (GHRL)
Appetite boosting hormone secreted by endocrine cells in gastric mucosa as well as in pancreatic islets
Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) produced by ________ and decreases ______
Atrial cells of heart
Decreases blood pressure.
