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Anatomy And Physiology > Lecture 26 B > Flashcards

Lecture 26 B Flashcards

1
Q

Pineals gland become ______ with age

A

Fibrous and calcified

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2
Q

Pineal gland is called _____ because

A

Third eye becuase its influence on secretory activity is related to the amount of light entering the eyes

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3
Q

Pineal glands main hormone secreted is _____

A

Melatonin,

Regulates biological clock and can affect mood

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4
Q

Thyroid gland main function

A

Cellular metabolism
Blood calcium levels

Stores considerable amounts of its hormones in follicles

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5
Q

T3 and t4 stimulate

A

Cellular metabolism

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6
Q

Calcitonin has role in

A

Blood calcium concentration

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7
Q

t4 thyroxine/ tetraiodothyronine has ____ iodine atoms

A

4

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8
Q

Principal thyroid hormones

A

Triiodothyronine (t3)

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9
Q

Goiter

A

Enlarged thyroid —> lack of iodine in diet —->hypothryroidism

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10
Q

Hyperthyroidism (graves diseaseO

A

Increased levels of thyroid hormones

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11
Q

Calcitonin decrease

A

The blood calcium concentration by increasing osteoclast activity

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12
Q

Calcitonin maintains homeostasis of blood calcium by preventing _____

A

Hyperclcemia

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13
Q

Parathyroid gland is

A

4 or t small gland found on back of thyroid

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14
Q

Parathyroid gland increase

A

Increases blood calcium concentration by increasing the breakdown of bones

Has opposite effect of calcitonin

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15
Q

Balance of _________ by the opposite effects of calcitonin and PTH is critical to life

A

Blood calcium

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16
Q

Adrenal gland is made up of what two glands

A

Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

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17
Q

What is the adrenal cortex composed of _______ and secretes ______

A

Endocrine tissue and secreteese corticoids

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18
Q

Adrenal medulla is _____ part, is composed of ______ and secretes _______

A

Inner part

Composed of nuerosecretory tissue

Secretes stress hormone

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19
Q

3 layers of adrenal cortex secrete ________ all are steroids known as _________

A

Hormones

Corticosteroids

20
Q

What are the 3 layers of adrenal cortex

A 
Zona glomerulosa (outer)
Zona fasiculata (middle)
Zona reticularis (inner)
21
Q

Outer

A

Mineralocorticoids

22
Q

Mid

A

Glucocorticoids

23
Q

Inner

A

Gonadocorticoids

24
Q

Mineralcorticoids help control

A

The amount of certain mineral salts/ electrolyter in the blood

25
Q

Glucocoticoids help maintain

A

Normal blood glucose concentration by increasing gluconeogenesis of liver cells

26
Q

Glucocoriticoids make it possible for

A

Other hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla to maintain a normal degree of vasoconstriction

27
Q

Glucocorticoids act wiht _______ to produce ___________

A

Epinephrine to prod anti inflammatory effect

28
Q

What is the main glucocorticoid

A

Cortisol

29
Q

Gonadocorticoids are ________

A

Androgens

30
Q

Gonadocorticoids similar to

A

Testosterone

31
Q

Pancreatic islets contain ____ type of endocrine cells

A

5 types

32
Q

Alpha cells secrete (pancreatic)

A

Glucagon

33
Q

Beta cells secrete

A

Insulin

34
Q

Glucagon increase

A

Blood glucose by accelerating glycogenolysis

35
Q

Type one diabetes

A

insulin dependent (dont secrete enough insulin)

36
Q

Type two diabetes

A

Non insulin dependent

Insulin resistance and decreased production

37
Q

Ovaries secrete what hormones (2)

A

Estrogens

Progesterone

38
Q

Estrogen secreted by

A

Ovarian follicles

39
Q

Progesterone secreted by ______ and maintains the lining of the _______

A

Corpus luteum

Uterus

40
Q

What is placenta and what does it serve as _______ and produces __________

A

Tissues that form on the lining of the uterus as a connection between the circulatory systems of the mother and developing child

Serves as a temporary endocrine gland

Human gonadotropin (hCG)

41
Q

Thymus located in

A

Mediastinum

42
Q

Cortex and medulla of thymus made primarily of

A

WBCs

43
Q

The thymus secretes the hormone ______ which stimulates the development of _______

A

Thymosin

T-cells

44
Q

What is Ghrelin (GHRL)

A

Appetite boosting hormone secreted by endocrine cells in gastric mucosa as well as in pancreatic islets

45
Q

Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) produced by ________ and decreases ______

A

Atrial cells of heart

Decreases blood pressure.

Anatomy And Physiology (45 decks)

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