Chapter 11 Part 2 Flashcards
3 types of bone cells
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Osteoscytes
Osteoblasts do what 4 things and are found in what 2 places
- Form new bone
- form bone matrix and secrete collagen fibers
- initiat process of clcification
- develop into osteocytes
- found periosteum and endosteum
Osteoclasts (3)
Digest bone matrix
Concentrated in the endostrum
Secret bone digestive enzymes
Osteocytes 3 features and where is it
Mature bone cells
No longer secrete matrix
Responsible for maintain the bone by regulating calicum deposited on the matrix
Located within the lacunae
Osteo means
Bone
Blast means
Immature, building, budding
Clast means
Breaking
Cyte means
Cell
DESCRIBE BONE MARROW
Type of soft diffuse connective tissue
Site of production of blood cells
Found in the medullary cavities of long bones and the spongy bone space
Bone marrow tissue also called
Myeloid tissue
2 types of bone marrow
Red and yellow
Red marrow
Found in all bones in infant or child
Mainly found in ribs, vertebrae, humerus, pelvis and femur of adult (end of long bone)
Makes red blood cell
Yellow marrow
As individual ages, red replaced by yellow
Yellow saturate with fat and stop producing blood cells
Can change to red if decreased blood supply
Calcium io concentraion is important for what 4 thines
Bone formation and repair
Blood cotting
Nerve impulse transmission
Skeletal and cardiac muscle concentraions
WHAT 4 HORMONES INVOLVED IN CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS
Calcitonin, parathyroid, growth and serotonin
Parathyroid secretion ______ Ca level
Increases
Calcitonin secretions _____ Ca level
Decreases
Remodellign process of bone requires
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Replacing bone with cartilage is called
Endochondral ossification
Growth of bone
Epiphyseal cartilage in epiphyseal plate divide creating more cartilage
Diaphyseal cartilage of episphyseal plate transformes into bone
Increase the length of the bone
Growth continues as long as
The epiphyseal plate remains between the epiphyses and the diaphysis
The epiphyseal line marks where
Two centers of ossification have fused together
Bone healing is initiated by
Bone death
In children impossible to detect a fracture ___ months after
6
Fractures tear blood vessel that nurish the ______
Osteons
Compromised bones can lead to
Osteoporosis
Diabetes
Infection
Circulation issues
A blood clot from frature bleeding is called
Fracture hematoma
Fracture hematoma develops
Granulation tissue, contains the elements of repair
Cell of cartilage is called
Chondrocyte
Matrix of cartilage is
Gel like and supported by collagenous fibres
Function of cartilage
Support,shock, absorber, long bone growth
Carltilage has no ______ thus is _____
Blood vessels
Thus is slow to repair
3 types of cartilage
Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Hylaine cartilage 2 descriptions and 4 things it forms
Most common
Covers surface of articulating bones
Forms costal cartilage, rings of trachea and bronchi and tip of nose
Elastic cartilage is ____ and forms what 3 things
Is elastic and resilient
Gives form to the ear, spiglottis and eustachian/auditory tube
Fibrocartilage i _____ and forms what 3 thigns
Strong and rigid
Forms pubis symphisis, intervertebral discs, where large tendons join bones.
Chondrocytes in cartilage are in
The lacunae
Skeleton is fully ossified by
Mid 20s
Adult skeletal tissue change occurs as a result of
Specific condition
Excersis
Increase density and strength
Pregnancy, nutritional deficienies and illness
Decrease bone density and strength
AS THE BODY starts to degenerate
Hard bone replaced by softer connective
Exercise can counteract degeneration
