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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 11 Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of bone cells

A

Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Osteoscytes

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2
Q

Osteoblasts do what 4 things and are found in what 2 places

A
  • Form new bone
  • form bone matrix and secrete collagen fibers
  • initiat process of clcification
  • develop into osteocytes
  • found periosteum and endosteum
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3
Q

Osteoclasts (3)

A

Digest bone matrix
Concentrated in the endostrum
Secret bone digestive enzymes

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4
Q

Osteocytes 3 features and where is it

A

Mature bone cells
No longer secrete matrix

Responsible for maintain the bone by regulating calicum deposited on the matrix

Located within the lacunae

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5
Q

Osteo means

A

Bone

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6
Q

Blast means

A

Immature, building, budding

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7
Q

Clast means

A

Breaking

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8
Q

Cyte means

A

Cell

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9
Q

DESCRIBE BONE MARROW

A

Type of soft diffuse connective tissue

Site of production of blood cells

Found in the medullary cavities of long bones and the spongy bone space

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10
Q

Bone marrow tissue also called

A

Myeloid tissue

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11
Q

2 types of bone marrow

A

Red and yellow

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12
Q

Red marrow

A

Found in all bones in infant or child

Mainly found in ribs, vertebrae, humerus, pelvis and femur of adult (end of long bone)

Makes red blood cell

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13
Q

Yellow marrow

A

As individual ages, red replaced by yellow

Yellow saturate with fat and stop producing blood cells

Can change to red if decreased blood supply

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14
Q

Calcium io concentraion is important for what 4 thines

A

Bone formation and repair
Blood cotting
Nerve impulse transmission
Skeletal and cardiac muscle concentraions

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15
Q

WHAT 4 HORMONES INVOLVED IN CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS

A

Calcitonin, parathyroid, growth and serotonin

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16
Q

Parathyroid secretion ______ Ca level

A

Increases

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17
Q

Calcitonin secretions _____ Ca level

A

Decreases

18
Q

Remodellign process of bone requires

A

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

19
Q

Replacing bone with cartilage is called

A

Endochondral ossification

20
Q

Growth of bone

A

Epiphyseal cartilage in epiphyseal plate divide creating more cartilage

Diaphyseal cartilage of episphyseal plate transformes into bone

Increase the length of the bone

21
Q

Growth continues as long as

A

The epiphyseal plate remains between the epiphyses and the diaphysis

22
Q

The epiphyseal line marks where

A

Two centers of ossification have fused together

23
Q

Bone healing is initiated by

A

Bone death

24
Q

In children impossible to detect a fracture ___ months after

A

6

25
Q

Fractures tear blood vessel that nurish the ______

A

Osteons

26
Q

Compromised bones can lead to

A

Osteoporosis
Diabetes
Infection
Circulation issues

27
Q

A blood clot from frature bleeding is called

A

Fracture hematoma

28
Q

Fracture hematoma develops

A

Granulation tissue, contains the elements of repair

29
Q

Cell of cartilage is called

A

Chondrocyte

30
Q

Matrix of cartilage is

A

Gel like and supported by collagenous fibres

31
Q

Function of cartilage

A

Support,shock, absorber, long bone growth

32
Q

Carltilage has no ______ thus is _____

A

Blood vessels

Thus is slow to repair

33
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

34
Q

Hylaine cartilage 2 descriptions and 4 things it forms

A

Most common
Covers surface of articulating bones
Forms costal cartilage, rings of trachea and bronchi and tip of nose

35
Q

Elastic cartilage is ____ and forms what 3 things

A

Is elastic and resilient

Gives form to the ear, spiglottis and eustachian/auditory tube

36
Q

Fibrocartilage i _____ and forms what 3 thigns

A

Strong and rigid

Forms pubis symphisis, intervertebral discs, where large tendons join bones.

37
Q

Chondrocytes in cartilage are in

A

The lacunae

38
Q

Skeleton is fully ossified by

A

Mid 20s

39
Q

Adult skeletal tissue change occurs as a result of

A

Specific condition

40
Q

Excersis

A

Increase density and strength

41
Q

Pregnancy, nutritional deficienies and illness

A

Decrease bone density and strength

42
Q

AS THE BODY starts to degenerate

A

Hard bone replaced by softer connective

Exercise can counteract degeneration

Anatomy And Physiology (45 decks)

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