Chapter 5 Flashcards
Human cells _____ in size and ______ in shape
Vary And differ
How many cells make up the body and how many cells types are there?
100 trillion cells
200 types
Cell size and shape is related to their ________
Function
3 main parts of the cell
- Membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
What does the plasma membrane do?
Encloses cytoplasm and forms the outer boundary of the cell
How thin is the cell membrane
7nm
What is the make up of the plasma membrane?
Double phospholipid layer,
contains proteins
cholesterol forms the framework
What type of proteins are embed in the cell membrane?
Integrated membrane proteins (IMP)
4 functions of integral membrane proteins
- Transport
- Identification
- Signalling
- Connection
What type of IMP are involved in the identification function and identify cell as self or non-self
Glycoproteins
What is the 1 general make up of cytoplasm
Cytosol aka intracellular fluid
What organelle is a network of connecting membranous walled sacs and canals
Endoplasmic reticulum
Main function of the ER
Transport proteins through the cytoplasm
What are the two types of ER?
Smooth and rough
Describe the rough ER in relation to ribosomes
Ribosomes attach to the rough ER during protein synthesis
5 functions of smooth ER
- Protein transportation & packaging
- Lipid synthesis
- Carbohydrate synthesis
- Produces membranes for cell
- Removes and stores calcium from inside the cell
True or false,
Ribosomes are attached to smooth ER
False
Do ribosomes have membranes?
No
Ribosomes can be described as…
Protein factories
Ribosomes are made up of large and small subunit of _____ and ______
- rRNA and protein
Where do Ribosomes exists?
Either attach to ER or free in cytoplasm
What is the difference in function of ribosome attached to ER vs free standing
ER makes proteins for outside the cell or in membrane , free make them for inside the cell
Golgi apparatus has a membrane Y/N
Yes
Describe the shape of golgi aparatus
Flattened sacs that are stacked
What is the function of the golgi apparatus
Receive and process proteins from ER, package them and then send to the membrane
How many membranes does the mitochondria have?
- Inner and outer
Why does each mitochondria contain 1 DNA molecule?
Allows it to produce its enzymes and replicate its self
Centrioles are _____ organelles
Paired
What is the orientation of the parked centrioles
Lie at right angle to each other
What do centrioles have an important role in?
Cell production and replication
What is the function of the cytoskeleton
Supporting framework of the cell and allows movement of the cell or parts of it
Name the three types of cell extensions
Cilia, flagellum and Microvilli
What is the appearance of cilia
Fine hair like extensions
Where do Cilia occur?
On free exposed surfaces of some cells
How do cilia move?
In a wave like fashion to project the cell or other substances such as mucous
What is the Flagellum
Single projection extending from cell surface, looks like a tail
Where are microvilli found?
They cover epithelial cells where absorption is important. (Small intestines )
What 3 things do microvilli do?
- Increase surface area
- Provide structure
- Provide movement
What does the nucleus do?
Controls cell and every organelle in cytoplasm. Also controls cell reproduction.
What are the 3 types of direct cell connections
- Desmosomes
- gap junctions
- Tight junctions
Describe gap junctions
Membrane channels of adjacent cells connect to each other
Describe tight junctions
Hold sheets of cells together to decrease permeability
What is the function of cell connections
Hold each other together and some facilitate communication
2 component structures of the nucleus
Nuclear membrane and the nucleolus
What are the 2 layers of the nuclear membrane?
Nuclear pores and nucleoplasm
Organelles means?
tiny organs
The whole ribosome is actually a _________
Enzyme
Proteins produced by the cell are usually made to be __________
Enzymes
Can you have genetic problems in mitochondria?
Yes because it has DNA
Flagellum are much _____ than cilia
Larger
Where are chromatin granules
In non dividing cells nucleus
