Apter 11 Flashcards
5 functions of skeletal system bone
Support Protection Movement Mineral storage Hematopoises
Describe the mineral storage function of the skeletal system
Bone store calcium, phosphorus and other minerals. Hold 99% of bodies calcium
Describe hematopoises is
Formation of blood cells takes place in red bone marrow
5 classificaitons of bone
Long Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid
Describe long bone
Cylindrical, longer Than they are wide, enlarged ends which interact with other bones
All bones are long bone except
knee cap,wrist and ankle bones
Short bones are
Cube or box shaped
Describe flat bone and four examples
Broad and thin with a flattened and often curved surface
Eg. Skull, scapula, ribs, sternum
Describe irregular bones and 3 examples
Often clustered in groups of various shapes and size
Eg. Vertebrate, hip bones, facial bones
Describe sesamoid (round) bones
Sometimes categorized as irregular bones
Number and size can vary among people
Common example is knee cap
6 parts of long bone
Diaphysis (shaft) Epiphyses (ends) Articulate cartilage Periosteum Medullary cavity Endosteum
Describe diaphysis of long bone
Hollow tube, hard compact bone, strong and light
Describe epiphyses of long bone
Contains spongy bone filled with red bone marrow
Provides attachments for muscles and stability for joints
Describe articulations cartilage of long bone
Thin layer that covers each end of the bone, cushions the bone
Describe 4 things for periosteum of long bone
Strong fibrous membrane covering the bone everywhere but the joints
Attaches tendons to bone
So Tanis osteoblasts, osteoclasts and blood vessel
Essential for bone formation and survival
Describe medullary cavity of long bone
Tube like hallow are inside diaphysis
In adults filled with yellow marrow (lots of fat)
Describe endosteum of long bone
Thin fibrous membrane
Lines medullary cavity
Contains various types of bone cells
Flat bones inner portion is _____ covered by _____
Cancellous, covered with compact bone
Cranial flare bones have…..
Internal and external compact bone
Inner cancellous region called the diploe
Flare bones, short bone and irregular bones can have feature similar to _____
Cranial bones
Spaces inside the cancellous bone of short flat irregular and sesamoid bones are filled with _____
Red marrow
2 types of connective tissue make up skeletal system
Bones and cartilage
There is more -__________ in connective tissue cells
Matrix
Bones contain also what 3 tissue
Blood, adipose and nervous
2 types of bone in skeletal system
Compact and spongy
3 features of compact bone and also called what
Outer layer
Hard and dense
80% of bone mass
Aka dense bone
3 features of spongy bone
Also called cancellous bone
20% of total bone mass
Ends The epiphyses of long bones
Compact dense bone has cylindrical structural units called
Osteons or haversian system
Calcified ringed arrangement of matrix in dense bone
Concentric lamella
Concentric lamella surround what which contains what
Central canal which contains blood cells
Spaces within the layer of concentric lamella are called ____ and what live inside
Lacunae
Osteocytes(living bone cells) live inside
Lacunae are connected by tiny canals called
Canaliculi
Canaliculi connect with the _____ in each ____
Central canal in each osteoporosis
Blood vessel pass through the _______ go into the bone and envenually connect to _____
Periosteum
Connect to the central canal
2 names for spongy bone
Cancellous or trabecular
Spongy bones gets porous texture due to
Thin threads of bone called tabeculae
Trabeculae are surrounded bu a network of _________
Often found where in adults
Open spaces that may contain red bone barrow
Mostly in flat bones, ends of numerous and femur
Within the trabeculae, waste and nutrients is diffused through ___
Canaliculi
Trabeculae are arranged along lines of ____ to enhance ______
Stress
Bones strength
