Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are the 4 major groups of organic compounds found in the body?
Carbohydrates, proteins lipids and nuclei acids
What does carbohydrate stand for?
Carbo hydrate = sugar water
What makes a carb?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What are the structural comps of a carbohydrate?
Six carbon sub unit called monosaccharides
Name the 4 types of monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose
What makes up sucrose?
Fructose and glucose
What makes up maltose?
glucose + glucose
What makes up lactose
Glucose + galactose
What is a polysaccharide
Complex carbohydrate that is made up of many monosaccharide units
What is an example of a polysaccharide?
Glycogen, which is made up of many glucose
What is the 3 functions of carbohydrates?
- Provide the body with energy
- Store energy in their bonds
- release energy when bonds are broken
Differentiating fats and oils
Fats are solid at room temp while oils are liquid at room temperature
1st
What are the three types of lipids
Triglyceride
Phospholipid
Cholesterol
What is the compartmental make up of the triglycerides
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid
Where is the energy stored in triglycerides?
In the bonds
What is the compartmental make up of the phospholipid
1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphorous containing group
Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic
The phosphorous containing group
Which part of the cell is the phospholipid important to?
The cell membrane
What is the structure of cholesterol and explain it
They have a steroid structure
Core is 20 carbons bonded to from 4 fused rings
What stabilizes the phospholipid tail in cellular membranes?
Cholesterol
What type of hormone can cholesterol be converted into and give examples of it
Steroid hormone
Example: estrogen, testosterone and cortisone
3 major functions of lipids
Energy source, structural role, integral part of cell membrane
What is the most abundant organic compound?
Protein
How big are are protein molecules and what are they made up of?
They are large and are made up of amino acids
How many amino acids make up the human body and how many are essential?
21 amino acids and 8 are essential
What kind of bonds hold together amino acids?
Peptide bonds
What major elements are proteins made up of?
C,H,N, O
How is the role of a protein determined?
It’s shape
What are the two categories of proteins?
Structural and functional
What do structural proteins do?
They form the structures of the body
Which fibrous protein hold many tissue together
Collagen
Which structural form tough waterproof outer layers
Keratin (finger nails)
What is the function of functional proteins?
They participate in the body’s chemical reactions and processes
Which 3 chemicals reactions and processes do functional proteins participate in?
1Hormones
2Cell membrane channels and receptors
3Enzymes
All reactions in the body depend on ______
Enzymes
What are enzymes?
Chemical catalyst that help chemical reactions occur
What is meant by the “Lock and key Model”
Each enzyme fits a particular molecule that it acts on, the same way a key fits ad lock
_________ are an important part of DNA and RNA
Nucleic acids
What are nucleotide units made up of?
Sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base
Name the 5 types of nitrogen bases
adenine (A) Thymine (T) Uracil (U) cytosine (c) Guanine (G)
Ribose is to _____ as deoxyribose is to ________
- RNA
2. DNA
What does DNA stand for and what is its function?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Used a ‘working code” for assembling proteins
What do collective nucleotide units form?
A gene
What does RNA stand for and what is its function?
Ribonucleic acid
Used as temporary working copy of gene
Overall what is the main purpose of nuclei acid?
They ultimately control body structure and function
What is the energy currency of cells and where is the energy stored?
ATP and in its bonds
