Lecture 19 Flashcards
What are the 2 transmission types for contact diseases? Give some examples of each.
- direct: skin-to-skin, bodily fluids
- indirect contact: contact with contaminated surfaces or clothing
What are examples of contact diseases?
- MRSA
- ringworm
- herpes simplex virus
How are contact diseases spread in healthcare settings?
- frequent skin contact
- use of shared medical equipment
How can contact diseases be prevented in the healthcare setting?
- hand hygiene
- sanitization
- PPE
Where are contact diseases spread in daily life?
- gyms
- public transportation
- schools
What are examples of preventative measures for daily life?
- regular handwashing
- avoiding contact with open wounds
- disinfecting surfaces
What are risk factors for contact diseases?
- immunocompromised individuals
- high-density or high-contact environments
How can STDs/STIs be prevented?
condoms
Are most STDs/STIs asymptomatic?
most of the time yes
How are most STIs spread?
sexual contact
- vaginal, oral, and anal
exchange of blood, semen, vaginal fluids, saliva
close physical contact
How are STIs spread in everyday settings?
- shared items (towels, bedding)
- needle sharing, tattoos, piercings
What are risk factors of STIs?
- unprotected sexual activity: increased risk with lack of protection and multiple partners
- compromised immune systems: more susceptible to complications
- high-risk environments: higher rates of casual or unprotected contact
What do STI home test kits test for?
- chlamydia
- gonorrhea
- trichomoniasis
What is the home test kit for HIV?
OraQuick: oral test
What is the home test kit for UTI?
uritest dipstick test
How long does it take to get results back for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis? What happens if it’s positive?
1-2 weeks
- positive = referrals to clinics
What are the pros of STI home test kits?
- more cases are diagnosed
- better access for patients
- quicker treatment
What are the cons of STI home test kits?
- cost
- privacy concerns
- concerns about accuracy
How does a OraQuick HIV test indicate positive?
T strip will change color
- if the sample contains antibodies against the HIV gp-41 protein, the enzyme reaction causes color change
What is congenital?
neurological damage to the fetus
What is gummatous syphilis?
gummas (non-cancerous growth) on many organs
What is cardiovascular syphilis?
weakens aorta
What is neurosyphilis?
affects CNS
- dementia
What is DFA-TP?
direct fluorescent-antibody test
What is VDRL test?
slide agglutination in a research lab
What is RPR test?
rapid plasma reagin
What is EIA test?
enzyme immunoassay
What is FTA-ABS?
fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test
What is vaginitis?
vulvovaginal candidiasis
- inflammation of the vagina due to infection
What is vaginosis?
no sign of inflammation
What is thrush?
oral candidiasis
What are examples of bacterial contact diseases?
- gonorrhea
- nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
- pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- syphilis
- lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
- chancroid (soft chancre)
- bacterial vaginosis
What are examples of viral contact diseases?
- genital herpes
- genital warts
What are examples of viral STIs without genitourinary pathogenicity?
- AIDS
- Hep B
- Hep C
- Zika virus disease
What is a fungal contact disease?
candidiasis
What is an example of a protozoan contact disease?
trichomoniasis
