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Medical Microbiology > Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 transmission types for contact diseases? Give some examples of each.

A
  • direct: skin-to-skin, bodily fluids
  • indirect contact: contact with contaminated surfaces or clothing
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2
Q

What are examples of contact diseases?

A
  • MRSA
  • ringworm
  • herpes simplex virus
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3
Q

How are contact diseases spread in healthcare settings?

A
  • frequent skin contact
  • use of shared medical equipment
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4
Q

How can contact diseases be prevented in the healthcare setting?

A
  • hand hygiene
  • sanitization
  • PPE
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5
Q

Where are contact diseases spread in daily life?

A
  • gyms
  • public transportation
  • schools
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6
Q

What are examples of preventative measures for daily life?

A
  • regular handwashing
  • avoiding contact with open wounds
  • disinfecting surfaces
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7
Q

What are risk factors for contact diseases?

A
  • immunocompromised individuals
  • high-density or high-contact environments
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8
Q

How can STDs/STIs be prevented?

A

condoms

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9
Q

Are most STDs/STIs asymptomatic?

A

most of the time yes

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10
Q

How are most STIs spread?

A

sexual contact
- vaginal, oral, and anal
exchange of blood, semen, vaginal fluids, saliva
close physical contact

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11
Q

How are STIs spread in everyday settings?

A
  • shared items (towels, bedding)
  • needle sharing, tattoos, piercings
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12
Q

What are risk factors of STIs?

A
  • unprotected sexual activity: increased risk with lack of protection and multiple partners
  • compromised immune systems: more susceptible to complications
  • high-risk environments: higher rates of casual or unprotected contact
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13
Q

What do STI home test kits test for?

A
  • chlamydia
  • gonorrhea
  • trichomoniasis
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14
Q

What is the home test kit for HIV?

A

OraQuick: oral test

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15
Q

What is the home test kit for UTI?

A

uritest dipstick test

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16
Q

How long does it take to get results back for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis? What happens if it’s positive?

A

1-2 weeks
- positive = referrals to clinics

17
Q

What are the pros of STI home test kits?

A
  • more cases are diagnosed
  • better access for patients
  • quicker treatment
18
Q

What are the cons of STI home test kits?

A
  • cost
  • privacy concerns
  • concerns about accuracy
19
Q

How does a OraQuick HIV test indicate positive?

A

T strip will change color
- if the sample contains antibodies against the HIV gp-41 protein, the enzyme reaction causes color change

20
Q

What is congenital?

A

neurological damage to the fetus

21
Q

What is gummatous syphilis?

A

gummas (non-cancerous growth) on many organs

22
Q

What is cardiovascular syphilis?

A

weakens aorta

23
Q

What is neurosyphilis?

A

affects CNS
- dementia

24
Q

What is DFA-TP?

A

direct fluorescent-antibody test

25
Q

What is VDRL test?

A

slide agglutination in a research lab

26
Q

What is RPR test?

A

rapid plasma reagin

27
Q

What is EIA test?

A

enzyme immunoassay

28
Q

What is FTA-ABS?

A

fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test

29
Q

What is vaginitis?

A

vulvovaginal candidiasis
- inflammation of the vagina due to infection

30
Q

What is vaginosis?

A

no sign of inflammation

31
Q

What is thrush?

A

oral candidiasis

32
Q

What are examples of bacterial contact diseases?

A
  • gonorrhea
  • nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
  • pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
  • syphilis
  • lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
  • chancroid (soft chancre)
  • bacterial vaginosis
33
Q

What are examples of viral contact diseases?

A
  • genital herpes
  • genital warts
34
Q

What are examples of viral STIs without genitourinary pathogenicity?

A
  • AIDS
  • Hep B
  • Hep C
  • Zika virus disease
35
Q

What is a fungal contact disease?

A

candidiasis

36
Q

What is an example of a protozoan contact disease?

A

trichomoniasis

Medical Microbiology (22 decks)

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