Lecture 18 - Male Reproduction

Question 1

Function of the male reproductive anatomy

Answer 1

• produce and deliver gametes to the female reproductive system

Question 2

What is the scrotum?

Answer 2

2 lobed pouch

• divided into 2 segments by the scrotal septum
• provides protection and support
• thermoregulation

Question 3

Tunica Dartos

Answer 3

Smooth muscle lining the scrotum

- contracts to draw tested close OR relaxes to allow testes to be further away from the body

Question 4

Testes

Answer 4

Paired organ

• Site of spermatogenesis and androgen (testosterone) production
• continual production of sperm throughout the animal’s life following puberty
• located outside the body cavity inside the scrotum

Question 5

Where does Spermatogenesis take place?

Answer 5

The seminiferous tubules

Question 6

What is spermatogenesis?

Answer 6

Mitosis and Meiosis of male gametes

A continuous process to ensure reproductive readiness

Question 7

When does Spermatogenesis take place?

Answer 7

During the breeding season or constitutively

Question 8

Why does Spermatogenesis take place?

Answer 8

To produce a continuous supply of mature male gametes

Question 9

How does Spermatogenesis take place?

Answer 9

Sertoli cells, leydig cells, blood-testis barrier

Question 10

What are Sertoli cells?

Answer 10

“Nurse cells”, FSH-receptors, convert testosterone to estrogen, secrete inhibin for negative feedback of FSH

Question 11

Leydig cells

Answer 11

Interstitial cells (outside of the seminiferous tubules) that produce testosterone in response to LH secretion

Question 12

What is the Blood-testis barrier?

Answer 12

Prevents immunologic destruction of the developing germ cells (haploid)

Question 13

What is Spermitogenesis?

Answer 13

Differentiation phase in which sperm undergo morphological transformation from a round spermatic into a mature spermatozoon with a tail

Question 14

What is Spermiation

Answer 14

Release of mature spermatozoa into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule

Question 15

What are the hormones of the male reproductive system?

Answer 15

Hypothalamus (GnRH) -> Anterior pituitary (FSH and LH) -> Seritoli and Leydig cells -> inhibin, spermatogenesis

Question 16

What are the parts of a spermatozoon?

Answer 16

Head (nucleus)
Midpiece (mitochondria)
Tail (flagellum)

Question 17

What are the parts of the epididymis?

Answer 17

Head (Caput)
Body ( corpus)
Tail (cauda)

Question 18

What are the 4 functions of the epididymis?

Answer 18

Transport
Storage
Concentration
Maturation

Question 19

What are some details about the ductus deferens?

Answer 19

Transport sperm from the epididymis

Facilitated by contractions of smooth muscle
Join the urethra near the opening of the bladder

Question 20

Spermatic cord

Answer 20

Arteries and veins (paniniform plexus)

Nerves

Connective tissue

Muscle (cremaster)

Ductus deferens

Functions - physical support for testes, temperature regulation

Question 21

What are the physical functions of thermoregulation?

Answer 21

Cremaster muscle and tunica dartoc
Panpiniform plexus

• countercurrent blood supply cooler Venus blood leading to the testis cools warm arterial blood entering war material blood entering the tested

Question 22

What are the accessory sex glands?

Answer 22

Ampullae, vesicular glands, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands

Question 23

What do the secretions from the accessory sex glands include?

Answer 23

-buffers, nutrients, inorganic ions for motility and fertility

Question 24

What is the placement and function of the accessory sex glands?

Answer 24

Located along the pelvic portion of the urethra

Create the liquid, non-cellular portion of semen

Question 25

What is the penis?

Answer 25

Male organ of copulation

Deposits semen into vagina or cervix of the female

Question 26

What are the parts of the Penis?

Answer 26

Glans ( sensory nerves and structure complementary to the cervix)

Body (main portion)

Root (2 curve which attach to the ischial arch of pelvis