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Intro To Animal Science Lecture > Lecture 17 - Reproduction > Flashcards

Lecture 17 - Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is preformation?

A

Embryo is preformed and grows or enlarged during development

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2
Q

What is epigenesis?

A

Man arises from the successive differentiation of a formless being

  • menstrual blood and semen
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3
Q

What is a biopotential gonad?

A

Sexually indifferent stage in which the embryo has the potential to develop either male or female structures

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4
Q

What do the Wolffian (mesonephric) ducts develop into?

A

Epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, urethra

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5
Q

What do the Mullerian (paramesonephric) ducts develop into?

A

Oviduct, uterus, cranial vagina

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6
Q

What is the importance of sex differentiation?

A

Depends on the sex chromosomes X and Y

  • specification of the gonad as either testes or ovaries
  • SRY (Sex-determining Region of the Y chromosome)
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7
Q

What variation must happen for sex differentiation?

A

Absence of SRY gene - gonads will be ovaries, anti-mullerian hormone, peptide hormone that causes the Müllerian ducts to regress (FEMALE)

With SRY gene - Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), peptide hormone that causes the Müllerian ducts to regress

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8
Q

What is a Freemartin?

A

Abnormal embryogenesis of the female reproductive tract

  • Heifer born twin to a bull
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9
Q

What is Oogenisis?

A

Production of female gametes, oocytes

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10
Q

What is folliculogenesis?

A

Follicle maturation and ovulation

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11
Q

What are functions of the ovary?

A

Oogenisis and folliculogenesis

Produce sex hormones estrogen and progesterone

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12
Q

What is the function in the female reproductive tract of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone?

A

GnRH

- released by the hypothalamus that stimulates release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary

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13
Q

What is the function in the female reproductive tract of Luteinizing Hormone

A

LH

- stimulates estrogen production in ovary and ovulation by binding LH - receptor on the Theca cells

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14
Q

What is the function in the female reproductive tract of Estrogen?

A
  • Produced in the granulosa cells by conversion of testosterone to estrogen, primary targets is the reproductive tract
  • induction of pre-ovulatory surge of LH, mucus production, increased blood flow, reproductive behaviors
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15
Q

What is the function in the female reproductive tract of Progesterone?

A
  • produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation, maintenance of pregnancy
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16
Q

When is meiosis arrested and when does it resume?

A

Meiosis 1 resumes at ovulation

Meiosis 2 is completed at fertilization

17
Q

What is the process of Oogenisis?

A
  • developing female embryo produces oognia
  • undergo mitotic divisions up to birth, begin meiosis after birth and stop at prophase 1
  • at puberty, FSH stimulates follicle growth, and reactivates meiosis
  • process stops again at meiosis 2
  • ovum released at ovulation is the secondary oocyte
  • completion of meiosis and shedding of the last polar body may occur as late as fertilization
18
Q

What is folliculogenesis?

A

The process in which immature follicles develop into more advanced follicles and become candidates for ovulation

19
Q

What is the function of the ovary?

A
  • highly vascularized: nutrient and oxygen delivery (hormones in and out)
20
Q

Theca cells

A

Have LH receptors

- stimulation of ovulation, formation of CL, progesterone secretion

21
Q

Granulosa cells

A

Line the antrum of the pre-ovulation you follicle, have FSH receptors with primary action of follicular development and estrogen synthesis

22
Q

Pre-ovulatory (tertiary) follicle

A

Characterized by fluid-filled cavity (antrium) filled with follicular fluid; have Theca and granulosa cell layers, secondary oocyte

Follicle that is ovulated

23
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Large “yellow bodies” that produce progesterone, formed from granulosa and the cal cells after ovulation

24
Q

Corpus albicans

A

White, scar-like structure that represents degenerating CL, increasing connective tissue, decreasing secretory tissue

Intro To Animal Science Lecture (31 decks)

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