Lecture 15 - Transcription, Protein Synth...

Question 1

What is the Dogma of Molecular Biology?

Answer 1

The process of DNA replication, transcription, and translation

Question 2

What is DNA’s influence on protein synthesis?

Answer 2

• DNA is located within the nucleus of a cell but proteins are synthesized outside the nucleus
• DNA contains instructions for the synthesis of proteins

Question 3

What is the importance of transcription?

Answer 3

• Takes place in the nucleus
• first step in gene expression
• process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template
  ( Generation of mRNA)(Sequence of base pairs representing the “code” contained within the DNA

Question 4

What are the 3 stages of transcription?

Answer 4

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Question 5

What takes place during initiation?

Answer 5

• RNA polymerase binds to promoter sequence on DNA
• the polymerase separated the 2 DNA strands

( action : ribosome attaches to mRNA and first tRNA : translation starts)

Question 6

What takes place during Elongation?

Answer 6

• RNA Polymerase forms a complementary RNA molecule from DNA template
• Nucleotide chain grows from 5’ to 3’

(Actions: tRNAs bring amino acids that are and linked together to form the polypeptide)

Question 7

What takes place during Termination?

Answer 7

• the transcription of terminator DNA sequences complete the transcription
• transcript released from RNA polymerase

(Actions : completed polypeptide is released)

Question 8

What is translation?

Answer 8

The process of translating nucleotide sequence to amino acid sequence

• requires the mRNA transcribed from DNA, a ribosome and the tRNA
• tRNA has the anticodon on one end and the corresponding amino acid on the other end

Question 9

What is molecular genetics

Answer 9

Study of genetic materials DNA, RNA, their structure and associated process within cells

Question 10

What is animal breeding?

Answer 10

Study of the selection and breeding of animals to improve the population

(Goal is genetic improvement)

Question 11

What is inheritance?

Answer 11

Transfer of genetic information from parent to offspring

Question 12

What are the 2 main types of chromosomes?

Answer 12

• autosomes / homologous chromosomes

- sex chromosomes

Question 13

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 13

Set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that have the same genes in the same loci

Question 14

What is an allele?

Answer 14

Various forms of a given gene at a locus

• specific variant of a gene

Question 15

What is a homozygous allele?

Answer 15

Same alleles for a given gene

• AA or aa

Question 16

What is a heterozygous allele?

Answer 16

Different alleles for a given gene

• Aa

Question 17

What is a locus genotype?

Answer 17

Combination of alleles for a gene

Question 18

What is the importance of the 2 laws of inheritance?

Answer 18

• determines which 2 alleles in parent chromosomes goes to gamete
• derived by Gregor Mendel