Lecture 11: pt 3 Exercise Physiology

Question 1

List and define the 3 types of exercise

Answer 1

1) Dynamic exercise: skeletal muscle contractions at changing lengths with rhythmic episodes of relaxation
2) Isometric Exercise: Force generated at constant muscle length without rhythmic episodes of relaxation
3) Aerobic Exercise: oxygen usage to work output

Question 2

1) Define oxygen debt
2) Does oxygen have an upper limit? If not, why? If so, what determines it?

Answer 2

1) Excess oxygen consumption during the first minutes of recovery
2) Yes; cardiac output and muscle metabolic capacity determine it

Question 3

True or false: all daily activities have some energy cost, even sleeping

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Do daily activities have a higher caloric cost for a sedentary 22 year old or a sedentary 70 year old?

Answer 4

The 70 year old

Question 5

1) Blood flow is directed to what during exercise?
2) Cardiovascular responses differ with what two types of exercise?

Answer 5

1) Working skeletal muscle
2) Acute and chronic exercise

Question 6

1) What does exercise do to cholesterol?
2) What affect does this have long-term?

Answer 6

1) Increases the levels of “good” cholesterol and reduces the “bad” cholesterol
2) Prevents cardiovascular diseases and reduces mortality

Question 7

Which cholesterol is good and which is bad?

Answer 7

HDL is good, LDL is bad

Question 8

1) Ventilation is matched to meet what?
2) Intense exercise can lead to ___________ formation
3) Why does that form and build up? When does this process start?

Answer 8

1) The metabolic demands
2) lactic acid
3) Produced faster than it can be metabolized; at anerobic threshold

Question 9

1) What accumulation is the major cause of muscle fatigue? What is this also called?
2) What is occurring?

Answer 9

1) ADP; reduced ATP
2) Slow cross-bridge cycling

Question 10

1) What enhances muscle oxidative capacity?
2) What stimulates muscle hypertrophy?

Answer 10

1) Endurance training
2) Isometric contraction

Question 11

1) Exercise plays a key role in homeostasis of what element?
2) What condition does this prevent?
3) What does this reduce the pain and disability of?
4) What does this do in cases of RA?

Answer 11

1) Calcium
2) Osteoporosis
3) Osteoarthritis
4) Increases muscle strength

Question 12

1) What increases in physical activity can help with weight loss?
2) What does exercise do for energy balance?
3) What does it do for blood glucose in diabetic patients?

Answer 12

1) Modest increases
2) Helps with energy balance
3) Regulates blood glucose in diabetic patients

Question 13

1) What does exercise do for QOL?
2) What does it do for immunity?

Answer 13

1) Improves it
2) Improves it