All kahoots Flashcards
What helps sense deep pressure?
Pacinian corpuscle
What provides nutrients to the cornea?
Aqueous humor
What cytoskeletal component of a neuron is largest in diameter?
Microtubules
What eicosanoid is involved with platelet aggregation?
Thromboxanes
What type of receptors produces little to no adaptation?
Tonic
Where are nerve impulses generated in the ear?
Organ of corti
What is the formula for cellular respiration?
Food + O2 <> CO2 + H2O + ATP
What is a marker for how cells identify self?
Carbs
What are the two divisions of the epithelium?
Secretory glands, and sheets
Is sodium more prevalent inside or outside the cell?
Outside (ECF)
Do lipophilic or hydrophilic substances move faster in simple diffusion?
Lipophilic
What becomes smaller as a muscle contracts?
H zone
What participate in cross bridge interactions?
Actin and myosin
How many heads does myosin have?
2
What happens to muscle during isometric contraction?
It doesn’t change length
What WBC accounts for the highest percentage?
Neutrophils
Monocytes are blood cells that mature into what?
Macrophages
Where is EPO (erythropoietin) produced?
Kidneys
What is the end product of the coagulation cascade?
Fibrin
Which immunoglobulin is mainly involved in the primary immune response?
IgM
What is the most abundant immunoglobulin?
IgG
Where are plasma proteins synthesized?
Liver
What chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava?
Right atrium
What part of an EKG shows atrial depolarization?
P wave
True or false: most of the cardiac tissue is made of autorhythmic cells
False; most is muscle cells
Where do the Purkinje fibers originate?
Bundle of His
What valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Tricuspid
What layer of the heart contains the most mitochondria?
Myocardium
What is the average volume of blood in the human body?
5-5.5L
List the flow of blood through the heart from the vena cava
1) Right atrium
2) Right ventricle
3) Left atrium
4) Left ventricle
List the flow of blood through the valves starting a the vena cava
1) Tricuspid
2) Pulmonic SL valve
3) Mitral
4) Aortic SL valve
True or false: normally alveoli empty completely during expiration
False
True or false: alveolar ventilation doesn’t always increase when pulmonary ventilation increases
True
True or false: O2 and CO2 have equal diffusion constants
False; sometimes they’re at different rates
True or false: Hemoglobin has a higher affinity for O2 than any other substance
False (carbon monoxide)
True or false: rhythmicity of breathing is brought about by pacemaker activity displayed by the respiratory muscles
False
What type of pulmonary cells are responsible for secreting surfectant?
Type II alveolar cells
If there’s an obstruction, air flow can still occur because of what?
Pores of Kohn (between alveoli)
What nerve innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic
The changes in lung volume that occur with different respiratory efforts can be determined by a what?
Spirometer
Pulmonary resistance is _________ that of vascular resistance
1/10
What’s the most common cause of pulmonary embolism?
DVT
True or false: the pulmonary system contains less smooth muscle than systemic circulation
True
What is the major cause of death with COPD patients?
Right sided heart failure
Ventilation is higher at the _____________ of the lungs
apex
What is the main control of the respiratory center?
Medulla
What would increase ventilation, high pH or low pH?
Lower pH
What group stimulates the diaphragm to contract, VRG or DRG?
DRG
What does the Hering-Breuer Reflex do?
Stops further inspiration (and increases heart rate)
What buffer is important in the ICF?
Protein buffer
Stimulation of the neuropeptide Y will result in what?
Increase appetite
Inhibition of melanocortins will result in what?
Increased appetite
What suppresses appetite?
Leptin
Your fingers feel warm when holding a hot mug of coffee. This is an example of what?
Conduction
The skin loses heat by warming air that is circulated over it. This refers to what?
Convection
Sweating cools the skin by which mechanism?
Evaporation
Cold temperature leads to the skin arterioles doing what?
Vasoconstriction
pH of 7.3, CO2 high, HCO3 is normal. What condition is this?
Respiratory acidosis
What do mucous cells of the stomach secrete?
Bicarbonate
What are the 2 major hormones controlling pancreatic exocrine secretion?
Secretin and CCK
What is the barrier between the stomach and the duodenum?
Pyloric sphincter
What cells of the stomach secrete HCL acid?
Parietal cells
Where does most absorption take place in the GI tract?
Small intestine
Saliva begins digestion of dietary starches through the action of what enzyme?
Amylase
Which section of the stomach has the thickest musculature?
Antrum
Where is the vomiting center located?
Medulla
How often is the protective lining of the stomach replaced?
Every 3 days
What does somatostatin inhibit?
HCL secretion
A hormone that has its primary function as controlling another hormone is what?
Tropic
How many different hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?
6
What is the main nutrient needed in order to make thyroid hormone?
Iodine
What endocrine gland secretes melatonin?
Pineal gland
What is another term for the neurohypophysis?
Posterior pituitary
Stress triggers the release of what hormone from the adrenal cortex?
Cortisol
What is the most abundant hormone produced by the pituitary?
GH
GH hypersecretion after adolescence produces what condition?
Acromegaly
Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus located?
Hypothalamus
Cushing’s syndrome involves the hypo/hypersecretion of what hormone?
Cortisol hypersecretion
