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PHARM 204 > Lect 9 - Pain (Skin Receptors + Sensitization) > Flashcards

Lect 9 - Pain (Skin Receptors + Sensitization) Flashcards

1
Q

Meissner Corpuscle
(Location/Size/Adaptation/Modality)

A

Superficial
Small
Rapid
Vibration

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2
Q

Merkel Disk
(Location/Size/Adaptation/Modality)

A

Small
Large
Slow
Pressure

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3
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle
(Location/Size/Adaptation/Modality)

A

Deep
Small
Rapid
Vibration

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4
Q

Ruffini’s Nerve Endings
(Location/Size/Adaptation/Modality)

A

Deep
Large
Slow
Pressure

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5
Q

Free Nerve Ending
Afferent Fiber Type

A

alpha delta, C

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6
Q

Mechanoreceptors (Except what)
Afferent Fiber Type

A

alpha beta

Exception: Free Nerve Endings

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7
Q

Mechanical Nociceptors
Afferent Fiber Type

A

alpha-delta

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8
Q

Thermal Nociceptors
Afferent Fiber Type

A

alpha delta

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9
Q

Polymodal Nociceptors
Afferent Fiber Type

A

C

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10
Q

Mechanical Nociceptors
Size/Adaptation

A

Large/Slow

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11
Q

Thermal Nociceptors
Size/Adaptation

A

Small/Rapid

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12
Q

Polymodal Nociceptors
Size/Adaptation

A

Large/Slow

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13
Q

Warm Thermoreceptors
Size/Adaptation

A

Large/Slow

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14
Q

Cold Thermoreceptors
Size/Adaptation

A

Small/Fast

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15
Q

Alpha-Beta
(Myelinated?/Fibre Diameter/Conduction Velocity/Examples)

A

Is Myelinated
Large
Fast conduction density
Touch and Pressure Sense

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16
Q

Alpha-Delta
(Myelinated?/Fibre Diameter/Conduction Velocity/Examples)

A

Little Myelinated
Bit Smaller
Medium conduction velocity
Pain and Temperature

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17
Q

C
(Myelinated?/Fibre Diameter/Conduction Velocity/Examples)

A

Not Myelinated
Very Small Fibre Diameter
Very Low conduction velocity
Pain and Temperature Sensation

18
Q

First Pain
(Afferent Fibre Type / Neuron Location / Releases What)

A

Fast Pain

Alpha-Delta are activated
2nd Order Neurons (Dorsal Horn –> Cortex)
Releases Glutamate at Synapse

19
Q

Second Pain
(Afferent Fibre Type / Neuron Location / Releases What)

A

C are activated
2nd Order Neurons (Dorsal Horn –> Cortex)
Releases Glutamate + Substance P at Synapse

20
Q

First Pain
(Fibre Type / Dull or Sharp? / Modality / Receptive Field Size)

A

Sharp
Intense Mechanical / Intense Temperature
Small (Easy to pinpoint pain)

21
Q

Second Pain
(Dull or Sharp? / Modality / Receptive Field Size)

A

Dull
Polymodal
Large (Can’t pinpoint location)

22
Q

Nociceptive Pain
(Good/Bad)

A

Good protective pain
Alerts an unpleasant damaging stimulus

23
Q

Inflammatory Pain

A

Good pain that follows injury
Promotes healing, protects damaged area from further pain

24
Q

Pathological Pain

A

Bad pain caused by
Initial Nerve Injury
Chronic Inflammation
Idiopathic

25
Q

Neuropathic Pain (What is it?)

A

Pain that is caused by damage/dysfunction of central/peripheral nerves

26
Q

Neuropathic Pain (How does it feel?)

A

Burning sensation from the slightest touch or even just on its own
Results in Hyperpathia to sensory stimuli

27
Q

Hyperpathia vs Hyperalgsia

A

Hyperpathia is increased response to sensory stimuli resulting in pain

Hyperalgesia is increased response to a painful stimuli

28
Q

Neuropathic Pain (Mechanisms)

A

Highly sensitive nociceptors (Damaged nerves can have more Na+ channels meaning greater response to NE)

Increased Sympathetic response from CNS

29
Q

Primary Hyperalgesia
Where
Peripheral/Central Sensitization

A

At area of injury, within normal receptive field of projection neuron

Peripheral:
Increase Nociceptor Excitation = Stimuli produces greater effect
Central:
Sensitized projection neuron is more sensitive from inputs of nociceptors

30
Q

Secondary Hyperalgesia
Where
Peripheral/Central Sensitization

A

Beyond area of injury, outside normal receptive field of projection neuron

Central:
Sensitized projection neuron is now more sensitive to inputs outside of normal receptive field

31
Q

Allodynia
Peripheral/Central Sensitization

A

Peripheral:
Non-noxious stimuli can activate nociceptor receptors (Lower Threshold)
Central:
Insignificant inputs from Alpha-Beta afferents can now activate sensitive projection neuron

32
Q

Hyperalgesia (Summary)

A

Exaggerated response to painful stimuli

33
Q

Allodynia (Summary)

A

Sensation of pain to normally insignificant stimuli

34
Q

What releases Bradykinin & Substance P

A

Inflammatory Cells

35
Q

What releases Histamine

A

Mast Cells

36
Q

What releases Serotonin

A

Platlets

37
Q

What releases Prostaglandins

A

Cell membranes

38
Q

Spinothalamic Pathway

A

Pain/Temperature

1st Synapse in Dorsal Horn
Decussates in Spinal Cord (Contralateral)
Goes up Spinal Cord
Projects to Contralateral Thalamus and into Primary Somatosensory Cortex

39
Q

Referred Pain

A

Internal Organ Pain is felt on surface of body
Primary afferents from Viscera synapse onto 2nd order afferents used by skin nociceptors

40
Q

Referred Pain (Skin and _____)

A

Skin and Heart have afferents that converge into the same afferent

41
Q

Withdrawal Reflex (Leg Feeling Pain)

A

Signal does not cross as it does not need higher level processing
Extensor is inhibited
Flexor is stimulated

42
Q

Withdrawal Reflex (Leg Balancing)

A

Signal crosses over to activate other leg
Extensor is stimulated
Flexor is Inhibited

PHARM 204 (20 decks)

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