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PHARM 204 > Lect 17 - Cardiology (Blood Flow) > Flashcards

Lect 17 - Cardiology (Blood Flow) Flashcards

1
Q

Artery vs Veins (Distensible)

A

Veins can expand more meaning they can contain way more blood

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2
Q

Veins are called ______ vessels and can act as ______

A

Capacitance Vessels

Act as blood reservoirs

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3
Q

Venoconstriction of Veins causes?

A

Shifts blood towards the arterial side

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4
Q

Where is most of the blood distributed? (Artery vs Vein)

A

In the veins

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5
Q

Layers of the Blood Vessel Wall

A

Adventitia: Outermost Layer
Media: Middle
Intima: Innermost (Closest to Blood)

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6
Q

Intima (Composition, Involved in)

A

AKA Tunica Intima

Composed of the endothelium of the vessel

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7
Q

Media (Composition, Involved in)

A

AKA Tunica Media

Consists of Smooth Muscle
Involved in Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation

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8
Q

Adventitia (Composition, Involved in)

A

AKA Tunica Adventitia

Consists of Fibers
Anchors the Adventitia to the blood vessels
Gives form to the vessel

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9
Q

Artery vs Veins (Vessel Walls)

A

Arteries have thicker walls
Arteries have more smooth muscles

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10
Q

Artery vs Veins (Vessel Lumen When Cut)

A

When cut Arteries maintain their shape
When cut Veins collapse

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11
Q

Artery vs Veins (Vessel Lining)

A

Arteries have Endothelial Lining with Pleated Folds
Veins do not have pleated folds

Arteries have thin elastic membranes in their media and intima
Veins do not

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12
Q

Artery Elastic Membranes

A

External: Media
Internal: Intima

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13
Q

Artery vs Veins (Valves)

A

Veins have one-way valves to prevent backflow

Arteries do not and instead depend on ejection pressure from heart

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14
Q

List the series of arteries as blood leaves the heart? Do they increase/decrease in size

A

Elastic Arteries
Muscular Arteries
Arterioles

Decrease in size with arterioles being the smallest

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15
Q

Elastic Arteries (Benefits from size)

A

Very resilient due to large size and elastic membrane

Recoils during diastole to help propel blood forward

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16
Q

Muscular Arteries (Size and Thickness compared to Elastic Arteries)

A

Muscular = Medium Size
Elastic = Large Size

Muscular = Thicker
Elastic = Thick

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17
Q

Muscular Arteries (How is vessel diameter controlled)

A

ANS controls vasodilation/vasoconstriction

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18
Q

Arterioles (Size and Thickness)

A

Smallest Arteries
Very thin Adventitia (External Layer) and delicate
May have incomplete smooth muscle layers

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19
Q

Arterioles (Function)

A

Controls blood flow from arteries to capillaries

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20
Q

Capillaries (Size and Diameter)

A

Smallest of all the vessels
About the same diameter as a RBC

Most delicate of all vessels
No Adventitia or Media

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21
Q

Capillaries (Function)

A

Nutrient/Waste Exchange between blood and tissues (No other vessel is capable of this)

22
Q

Three Types of Capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoids

23
Q

Continuous (Endothelial Lining, Pores)

A

Endothelial lining is complete, no pores

24
Q

Fenestrated (Endothelial Lining, Pores)

A

Endothelial lining is not complete
Pores in lining

25
Q

Sinusoids (Endothelial Lining, Pores)

A

Discontinuous capillaries
Endothelial lining is not complete
Pores and Large gaps in lining

26
Q

Is the Lymphatic System an open system or close system? Where does it start?

A

Open System that starts at the capillaries

27
Q

Path of Lymph

A

Starts in capillaries and moves into veins
Veins drain into thoracic duct –> Eventually empties into right atrium (same as blood flow)

28
Q

Lymphatic System (Function)

A

Takes up fluid leaking from capillaries (At systemic/pulmonary circuit) and returns it back into circulation (follows same path as blood)

Foreign material follows path and ends up in the lymph nodes, immune reaction can occur here

29
Q

Systemic vs Pulmonary (Blood Pressure)

A

Systemic has higher blood pressure

Pulmonary has lower blood pressure

30
Q

Systemic vs Pulmonary (Walls)

A

Systemic has thicker walls

Pulmonary has thinner walls

31
Q

Pulmonary Circuit (Pathway)

A
  1. O2 poor blood exits right ventricle and enters pulmonary trunk
  2. Then enters at left/right Pulmonary Artery
  3. Blood arrives at lungs and picks up O2 while dropping off CO2
  4. O2 rich blood enters the pulmonary vein
  5. Blood is returned to heart via left atrium
32
Q

Systemic Circuit (Pathway)

A
  1. O2 rich blood exits left ventricle and enters aortic valve
  2. Then enters ascending aorta
  3. Then enters aortic arch
  4. Aortic arch branches into 3 different arteries
33
Q

Pulmonary Circuit (Function)

A

Arteries and Veins that transport blood between heart and lung

34
Q

Systemic Circuit (Function)

A

Arteries and Veins that transport oxygenated blood between heart and tissues

35
Q

Pulmonary Circuit (Distance)

A

Blood travels a shorter distance

36
Q

Systemic Circuit (Distance)

A

Blood travels a longer distance

37
Q

What is located at the base of the ascending aorta

A

Coronary Vessels branches from the base of the ascending aorta

38
Q

What arteries branch off the aortic arch

A

Brachiocephalic Trunk
Then branches further
Left Common Carotid Artery
Left Subclavian Artery
Descending Aorta

39
Q

What arteries branch off the Brachiocephalic Trunk

A

Right Common Carotid Artery
Right Subclavian Artery

40
Q

What does the Right Common Carotid Artery supply blood to

A

Right side of the head

Brain

41
Q

What does the RIght Subclavian Artery supply blood to

A

Right arm

Brain and Spinal Cord

42
Q

What does the Left Common Carotid Artery supply blood to

A

Left Side of the head

Brain

43
Q

What does the Left Subclavian Artery supply blood to

A

Left arm,

Brain and Spinal Cord

44
Q

Artery Pathway

A

Left Ventricle –> Aorta –> Ascending Aorta
–> Aortic Arch (3 Branches) –> Brachiocephalic Trunk (2 Branches) –> Right Subclavian Artery –> Right Axillary –> Right Brachial –> Right Radial / Right Ulnar

45
Q

Right Axilary

A

Supplies blood to muscles of the right pectoral

46
Q

Right Brachial

A

Supplies blood to structures of the arm

Check Blood Pressure

47
Q

Right Radial

A

Supplies blood to forearm, radial side

Check Pulse

48
Q

Right Ulnar

A

Supplies blood to forearm, ulnar side

49
Q

Coronary Arteries

(Where does it Branch?
What does it supply Blood to?)

A

First vessels to branch from ascending aorta

Coronary Circulation supplies blood to muscle tissue of the heart

50
Q

Right vs Left Coronary Artery (Diameter, Supplies What)

A

Left Coronary Artery is larger in diameter

LCA supplies the left ventricle, supplies more blood
RCA has atrial branches, supplies left/right atrium

51
Q

Coronary Arteries (Blood Pressure, Demand)

A

Highest blood pressure in systemic circulation

Needs to constantly supply heart with O2 and nutrientes

52
Q

Coronary Veins (Drainage)

A

Coronary Veins drain into the Coronary Sinus

Coronary Sinus drains into the right atrium

PHARM 204 (20 decks)

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