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PHARM 204 > Lect 13 - CNS (Cerebrum) > Flashcards

Lect 13 - CNS (Cerebrum) Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebral Hemisphere (Gyri)

A

Ridge (Highpoint)

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2
Q

Cerebral Hemisphere (Sulci)

A

Grooves (Lowpoint)

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3
Q

Cerebral Hemisphere (Central Sulcus)

A

Separates Frontal and Parietal Lobes

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4
Q

Cerebral Hemisphere (Lateral Sulcus)

A

Separates Temporal and Frontal and Parietal Lobes

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5
Q

Cerebral Hemisphere (Parieto-Occipital Sulcus)

A

Separates Parietal and Occipital Lobes

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6
Q

Cerebral Hemisphere (Longitudinal Fissure)

A

Separates the two hemispheres of the Cerebrum

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7
Q

Main function of Cerebrum

A

Conscious thought and all intellectual function

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8
Q

Insula

A

Deep within the Lateral Sulcus

Interacts with the limbic system
Sensory Motor
Emotion
Cognitive functions

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9
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Conscious control of Skeletal Muscles

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10
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Conscious perception of Audio and Olfactory stimuli

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11
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Conscious perception of Touch, Pressure, Temperature, Pain, Vibration, and Taste

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12
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Perception of Visual stimuli

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13
Q

Precentral Gyrus (Location)

A

Anterior to Central Sulcus (Frontal/Parietal)

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14
Q

Precentral Gyrus (Function)

A

Pyramidal Cells direct voluntary movements

Done by controlling the somatic motor neurons in brain/spinal cord

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15
Q

Precentral Gyrus (Consists of)

A

Primary Motor Cortex that is made up of Pyramidal Cells

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16
Q

Postcentral Gyrus (Location)

A

Posterior to Central Sulcus (Frontal/Parietal)

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17
Q

Postcentral Gyrus (Function)

A

Neurons receive somatic sensory info for touch, pain, pressure, taste

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18
Q

Postcentral Gyrus (Consists of)

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

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19
Q

Define Association Area
List some association areas

A

Areas that are important in integrating and understanding sensory/motor info

Somatosensory Association Area
Premotor Cortex
Visual Association Area
Auditory Association Area

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20
Q

Somatosensory Association Area

A

Understanding of size, form, texture

21
Q

Premotor Cortex

A

Understanding of learned movement based off of memories

Uses these memories to coordinate with the motor cortex to produce motor actives

22
Q

Visual Association Area

A

Visually recognizes and interprets objects

23
Q

Auditory Association Area

A

Recognizes sound

24
Q

Composition of Sensory Neurons

A

Made up of Afferent Neurons in the PNS delivers info to CNS

25
Q

Somatic Sensory Neurons

A

Transmits info from the world around us (Info taken from skin, skeletal muscles, sensory organs)

26
Q

Visceral Sensory Neurons

A

Transmits internal organ info

27
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Monitors the position and movement of skeletal muscles

Maintains movement and Stops you from falling over

28
Q

Steps of Motor Control

A

Idea: Develop the idea to move
Association Areas
Program: Motor Commands to carry out movement
Premotor/Primary Motor
Execution: Activate the correct muscles at the right time
Pyramidal and Motor Neuron
Feedback: Background tweaking based on constant feedback
Sensory System and Cerebellum

29
Q

Where do the efferent neurons that control skeletal muscles originate from?
What are they called?

A

Originate in Ventral Horn of spinal cord

Called Lower Motor Neurons or Motor Neurons

30
Q

How many tracts descend from the Brain, Spinal Cord, and Muscles? What are these tracts?

A

2 Tracts:

Pyramidal Tracts
Extrapyramidal Tract

31
Q

Pyramidal Tract
Pathway,
What are the Neurons called,
What kind of movement is this tract used for

A

From Primary Motor Cortex –> Spinal Cord –> Terminates in Ventral Horn

Called Upper Motor Neurons

Used for discrete movements in extremities
(Movement with a single goal stretching to its max)

32
Q

Extrapyramidal Tracts

A

All other motor pathways that are not m

33
Q

Pyramidal vs Extrapyramidal

A

Pyramidal Tracts originate in the Brain (Motor Cortex)

Extrapyramidal Tracts originate in the Brainstem, signal generated by dopamine

34
Q

Extrapyramidal Side Effects

A

First Generation Anti Psychotics mess with Dopamine –> Disruption of Dopamine means initial signal is disrupted –> Weird movements (Parkinsons)

35
Q

What makes up the Central White Matter

A

Made up of bundles called:
Association Fibers
Commissural Fibers
Projection Fibers

36
Q

Association Fibers

A

Tracts that connects areas within the same hemisphere

37
Q

Examples of Association Fibers

A

Arcuate Fibers
Longitudinal Fasciculi

38
Q

Commissural Fibers

A

Tracts that connects specific lobes of different hemispheres

39
Q

Examples of Commissural Fibers

A

Corpus Callosum
Anterior Commissure

40
Q

Projection FIbers

A

Tracts that connects cerebrum with other regions of the brain/spinal cord

41
Q

What are tracts of afferent and efferent fibers called

A

Internal Capsule

42
Q

What are Basal Nuclei

A

Masses of Gray Matter
Embedded in the White Matter interior
Inferior to lateral ventricles

43
Q

Basal Nuclei (Function)

A

Subconscious Control
Skeletal Muscle Tone (Resting Skeletal Muscle Tension)

Coordination of learned movement patterns

Processes, integrates, and relays information from the cerebral cortex

44
Q

What does the Basal Nuclei consist of

A

Caudate Nucleus
Lentiform Nucleus
Claustrum
Putamen
Globus Pallidus

45
Q

Caudate Nucleus

A

Subconscious adjustment and modification of voluntary motor commands

Controls the cycles of arm and leg movements when walking

46
Q

Lentiform Nucleus

A

Subconscious adjustment and modification of voluntary motor commands

47
Q

Claustrum

A

Subconscious control of visual processing

48
Q

Putamen

A

Controls the cycles of arm and leg movements when walking

49
Q

Globus Pallidus

A

Adjusts muscle tone to prepare for walking

PHARM 204 (20 decks)

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