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PHARM 204 > Lect 2-3 Cell Anatomy (Plasma Membrane) > Flashcards

Lect 2-3 Cell Anatomy (Plasma Membrane) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of cells

A

Sex Cells
Somatic Cells

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2
Q

A cell can divided into two areas _____

A

Cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane

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3
Q

The Cytoplasm can be separated into _____

A

Cytosol
Organelles

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4
Q

Cytosol

A

Intracellular Fluid within cells

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5
Q

Organelles

A

Intracellular Structures
Some have membranes while others do not

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6
Q

Plasma Membrane Function

A
  • Physical Barrier
  • Regulates Exchange of material
  • Maintains homeostasis corresponding to extracellular fluid
  • Cell to Cell Communication
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7
Q

Components of Plasma Membrane

A

Phospholipids
Protein Channels
Glycolipids
Sterols

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8
Q

Phospholipids and their role

A

Bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

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9
Q

Phospholipid Outer Layer Contains

A

Glycocalyx which is made up of
Glycolipids and
Glycoproteins

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10
Q

Glyco means ____

A

Sugar –> Water Soluble –> Found on the outer layer which is exposed to water

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11
Q

Cholesterol Role

A

Found in phospholipid bilayer around the tails, used to stabilize plasma membrane

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12
Q

What two types of proteins are related to the cell membrane

A

Peripheral Proteins
Attached to either inner/outer layer of membrane

Integral
Embedded into the membrane
Can form gates/channels

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13
Q

Glycolipids Function

A

Makes part of glycocalyx
Can act as receptor

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14
Q

Glycolipids Location

A

Found on outer layer of membrane

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15
Q

Passive Processes (Membrane Permeability)

A

Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion

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16
Q

Diffusion

A

Molecules move down concentration gradient
(High–>Low)
Does not require energy

17
Q

Diffusion (Substances involved)

A

Small inorganic molecules and ions
Gases
Lipid Soluble Material (Can cross membrane)

18
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water
Dictated by concentration and pressure gradient

19
Q

Hypertonic Solution

A

Higher osmolarity

Solution has high solute = Cell has low solute
–>Cell has high water conc.

Water flows out of cell down conc. gradient
Cell shrinks

20
Q

Hypotonic Solution

A

Low Osmolarity

Solution has low solute = Cell has high solute
–> Cell has low water conc.

Water flows into cell down conc. gradient
Cell grows

21
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Diffusion with help, follows conc. gradient doesn’t need energy

Bidirectional

22
Q

Facilitated Diffusion (Substances Involved)

A

Organic Molecules like Glucose and Amino Acids
Polar –> Hydrophilic
Lipophobic and can not cross membrane

23
Q

Active Transport

A

Uses exchange pumps to actively transport solutes regardless of concentration gradient
Unidirectional

24
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Active process where Vesicles bring in solid particles into the cell

Useable by specialized cells

25
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Active process where vesicles bring in Small particles into the cell
Water and Small molecules
Usable by all cells

26
Q

Exocytosis

A

Release of intracellular material (usually waste) into the extracellular area
Uses ATP and Ca2+

27
Q

Phagocytosis Process

A

Phagosome + Lysosome = Lysosome (Phagolysosome)
(Occurs in Golgi apparatus)
Useful material diffuses into cytosol
Waste is ejected through exocytosis

28
Q

Crossing the Membrane (Non-Polar)

A

Lipophilic,
O2, CO2, Fatty Acids

All cross the membrane easily

29
Q

Crossing the Membrane (Polar Molecules)

A

Diffuse slowly/not at all
Requires transport through ion channel/mediated transport

30
Q

What drives electrochemical gradient

A

Large Positive Charge on one side is attracted by the Large Negative Charge on the other

31
Q

What are Microvilli

A

Extensions of the plasma membrane that can absorb material from extracellular fluid

32
Q

How do Microvilli move? Why?

A

Bends back and forth

Helps to circulate extracellular fluid
Helps to absorb nutrients

PHARM 204 (20 decks)

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