Lect 5 - Tissue Structure

Question 1

What are the four types of tissue

Answer 1

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Question 2

Epithelia (What is the Apical surface)

Answer 2

Side exposed to the surface (Exterior)

Question 3

Epithelia (What is the Basal surface)

Answer 3

The surface that is attached to the basement membrane of the tissue

Question 4

Key Characteristics of Epithelia Tissue
- How tight
- Vascularity
- What do they cover

Answer 4

Tightly bound
Do not contain blood vessels (Avascularity)
Covers exposed surfaces, internal cavities, and passageways

Question 5

Key Functions of Epithelia Tissue

Answer 5

Protect Surfaces
Regulates Permeability
Are Innervated Resulting in Sensation
Secretions through gland cells

Question 6

What factors determine the physical integrity of the epithelium

Answer 6

Intercellular connections
Attachment to basement membrane
Maintenance/Renewal

Question 7

Basal Lamina (Made by what, Made of what)

Answer 7

Made by epithelial cells

Made up of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, microfilaments

Question 8

Basal Lamina (Function)

Answer 8

Restricts movement of larger molecules from connective tissue into the epithelium

Question 9

Reticular Lamina (Made by what, Made of what)

Answer 9

Made by connective tissue

Made up of coarse protein fibers

Question 10

Reticular Lamina (Function)

Answer 10

Anchors the basement membrane to the connective tissue

Question 11

How are Epithelial Tissues Classified

Answer 11

Classified according to Layers and Shapes

Question 12

What are the two classes of Epithelial Layers?

Answer 12

Simple: 1 Layer of Cells
Same Polarity and Uniform

Stratified: Two or more layers of cells
Different Layer to Layer

Question 13

Simple vs Stratified (Where are they found, Advantages)

Answer 13

Simple: Found in unexposed areas (Blood Vessels) –> Advantages = Allows for easier diffusion

Stratified: Found in exposed areas (Skin and Mouth) –> Advantages = Protects against chemicals and physicals damage

Question 14

What are the different shapes of epithelia cells

Answer 14

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

Question 15

Describe a Squamous Shape

Answer 15

Cells are flat, thin, look like fried eggs

Question 16

Describe a Cuboidal Shape

Answer 16

Cells look hexagonal
Look square in a sectional view

Question 17

Describe a Columnar Shape

Answer 17

Cells look hexagonal
Long

Question 18

What is Pseudostratified

Answer 18

Uneven layering, looks stratified but all cells are actually one layer

Only surface epithelia possess cilia

Question 19

What is Transitional Epithelia

Answer 19

Can stretch without damaging the epithelium

These cells make up the bladder

Question 20

How are Glandular Epithelia classified

Answer 20

Based on Secretions, Structure, Mechanism

Question 21

What are the different kinds of Exocrine Glands

Answer 21

Serous Gland
Mucous Gland
Mixed Gland

Question 22

What is secreted by a Serous Gland

Answer 22

Watery substance, usually contains enzymes (Saliva)

Question 23

What is secreted by a Mucous Glands

Answer 23

Secretes mucins, a glycoproteins

Mucin + Water = Mucous

Question 24

What is secreted by a Mixed Exocrine Gland

Answer 24

Can produce watery and mucins

Question 25

How does Exocrine release secretions compared to Endocrine

Answer 25

Use ducts to release their secretions to the epithelial surface

Question 26

How does Endocrine release secretions compared to Exocrine

Answer 26

Do not have ducts, secretes hormones by exocytosis into interstitial fluid around cells

Question 27

How are multicellular grans classified?

Answer 27

Shape - Normal - Coiled - Branched Branching Pattern - Tubular - Alveolar (Acinar)

Question 28

Tubular vs Alveolar

Answer 28

Tubular are tube like and are straight Alveolar have ends that are end as a bulb

Question 29

Simple vs Compound Glands

Answer 29

Simple Glands have ducts that branch a maximum of once Compound have ducts that branch multiple times If glands has tubular and alveolar structures it is Tubuloalveolar

Question 30

3 Methods of Glandular Secretion

Answer 30

Eccrine Apocrine Holocrine

Question 31

What is Eccrine Secretion

Answer 31

Secretory Product is packed into secretory vescicles --> Then released through exocytosis Ex. Saliva from serous cells, Mucins from intestinal goblet cells

Question 32

What is Apocrine Secretion

Answer 32

Cell sheds the apical portion of its cytoplasm to release secretory product These portions must be regrown to produce more secretory vesicles Ex. Mammary Glands

Question 33

What is Holocrine Secretion

Answer 33

Cell is packed with secretory product and then bursts to release product. For more secretion stem cells must divide and replace the gland cell.