LEC62: Vascular Anatomy: The Aorta Flashcards
major parts of the aorta
aortic valve
ascending aorta
transverse aortic arch
descneidng aorta
thoracho-abdominal aorta
abdominal aorta
aortic bifurcation
pelvic arteries
first branches off of aorta?
R and L coronary aa
order of branches off of aortic arch?
1) incominate / brachiocephalic trunk > R carotid, R subclavin
2) L carotid
3) L subclavian
4 vessels that go to brain? what is unique about them?
R and L carotids and vertebral aa
can serve brain with just 1 of these vessels because of extensive collateral circulation
identify vessels
most common artery used for bypass? what does it replace?
internal thoracic used to replaced L coronary artery
what is double aortic arch? incidence?
0.01% of patients
duplicated aortic arch
circular/redundant secondary arch encircles trachea and esophagus, can cause clinical sequealae and make difficult to swallow, breathe
what’s an aberrant right subclavian artery
comes off aortic arch LAST rather than immediately from inominant / brachiocephalic trunk
so must loop around to get from L to R side of body
can compress trachea and esophagus
what is this
aberrant right subclavian artery
what is happening here
see aberrant R subclavian artery beating on wall of trachea/esophagus
what is aberrant L subclavian artery
comes off as 1st vessel in transverse aortic arch
what is bovine arch?
11% occurrence
3 branches come off of 1 branch - L common carotid comes off of inominant / brachiocephalic trunk too
types of arterial vascular diseases?
1) occlusive disease
2) aneurysm disease
what is occlusive disease, where
plaque, hardening, stenosis
in carotid aa
cause of strokes
what is aneurism
wall of artery cracks, leakage outside of artery, causes dilitation
why do strokes occur
internal carotid develops plaque
plaque > downstraem > brain
loss of circulation in brain
plaque build up > stenosis > stroke
stroke
what is thoracic outlet syndrome
extra cervical rib in thoracic outlet where nn, aa, vv traverse anterior & middle scalene mm, compresses the brachial plexus, subclavian aa
cause of aneurysm or stenosis of subclavian artery?
thoracic outlet syndrome
what is arrow pointing to
what is arrow pointing to
stenosis
aneurismal degeneration of entire aortic arch
if in transverse arch, likely syphilis
what is artery of adamkiewicz?
aka great radicular artery
makes a hairpin turn by anterior spinal artery
crucial to spinal circulation for most all animals
very important to not damage in younger person, can lead to paralysis
what supplies diaphragm?
phrenic artery from abdominal aorta
abdominal aorta major branches
celiac artery
superior mesenteric artery
renal arteries
inferior mesenteric artery
iliac arteries
branches of celiac artery
splenic
left gastric
common hepatic
gastroduodenal
where is most common site for occlusion of aorta?
renal arteries
SMA branches
interior pancreatico-duodenal
jejunal branches
middle colic
ileocolic
these begin collateralization btwn all otehr mesenteric/intestinal branches
how many renal arteries? where?
come off abdominal aorta after SMA
2 renal arteries
usu R then L (60% of time)
what comes off abdominal aorta after renal aa? branches?
inferior mesenteric artery
left colic, sigmoidal, superior-hemmorhoidal
name these branches of aorta
where does aorta terminate?
at common iliac aa
what are the mesenteric collaterals?
1) superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa, via gastroduodenal a, for celiac-SMA
2) arc of riolan, “meandering mesenteric artery,” for SMA-IMA
3) marginal artery of drummond (at periphery of colon)
4) lumbars, epigatric, middle sacral, internal iliac
what is arc of riolan?
anastomoses between IMA and SMA
runs in the mesentery
what is arc of drummond?
IMA-SMA collateralization
runs just on the inside of the mesentery
horseshoe kidney
what is this
horseshoe kidney
what is this
hepatic artery aneurysm
what is this
splenic artery aneurysm
marginal artery of drummond
IMA-SMA, more interior
arc of riolan
SMA-IMA collateralization, more exterior in mesentery
