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Structures: Part Deux > LEC59: Larynx & Pharynx > Flashcards

LEC59: Larynx & Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

when is head the “skull”? the “cranium”?

A

skull: with mandible
cranium: without mandible

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2
Q

does hyloid directly articulate w/ any other bones?

A

no

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3
Q

spinal level of larynx?

A

C3-C7

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4
Q

muscles extending from hyloid bone?

A

post and anteiror bellies of digastric m

stylohyoid m

mylohyoid m

geneohyoid m

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5
Q

where do you do a crycothyrotomoy?

A

between thyroid cartilage & cricoid cartilage

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6
Q

“thyros”

A

“shield”

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7
Q

branches of internal carotid in the neck?

A

it comes from common carotid

NO BRANCHES FROM INTERNAL CAROTID in the neck

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8
Q

big terminal branches of external carotid in neck?

A

maxillary & superficial temporal aa

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9
Q

external carotid a branches?

A

superior thyroid a

ascending pharyngeal a

lingual a

facial a

occipital a

posteiror auricular a

superficial temporal a

maxillary a

*some anatomists like fing, other prefer S&M*

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10
Q

superior thyroid is a branch of what?

& what does it anastomose with?

A

branch of external carotid a

anastomoses with inferior thyroid a from thyrocervical trunk

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11
Q

important facial veins

A

external jugular v

internal jugular v

facial v

opthalmic vv

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12
Q

why is popping a zit on the side of your nose dangerous?

A

important venous drainage system is there

blood from there > facial vein > jugulars or > opthalmic vv > cavernous sinus

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13
Q

muscles of the pharynx

A

1) superior pharyngeal constrictor
2) middle pharyngeal constrictor
3) inferior pharyngeal constrictor
4) sylopharyngeus
5) salpingopharyngeus
6) palatopharyngeus

1-3 are paired; constrict

4-6 are paired; longitudinal; elevate the constrictors when we swallow

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14
Q

constrictor muscles of the pharynx

A

superior pharyngeal constrictor

middle pharyngeal constrictor

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

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15
Q

which pharyngeal muscles elevate the constrictors

A

stylopharyngeus

salpingopharyngeus

palatopharyngeus

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16
Q

what is true about muscles connecting to styloid bone?

A

all come from different branchial arches

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17
Q

parts of inferior constrictor m

A

thyropharyngeus

crycopharyngeus

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18
Q

when is crycopharyngeus m constricted?

A

always EXCEPT when swallow

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19
Q

pharynx is divided into 3 parts

A

naso pharynx

oro pharynx

laryngo pharynx

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20
Q

what’s between middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

where superior laryngeal nerve, artery, vein enter

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21
Q

where is ear - throat connection? why important

A

nasopharynx - middle ear cnxn =

pharyngotympanic tube

(at level of inferior nasal concha)

portal for infection to spread > middle ear

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22
Q

how do constrictors align posteirorly?

A

meet at cuscible mtg pt in the middle, a raphe

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23
Q

what/where are piriform sinuses

A

on either side of laryngeal orifice

common place for food to become trapped

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24
Q

layers of pharyngeal wall

A

from outside to inside:

1) buccopharyngeal fascia
2) muscle layer
3) pharyngobasilar fascia (fibrous layer)
4) submucosa
5) mucous membrane

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25
Q

innervation of pharynx

A

pharyngeal plexus (IX, X, XI) + autonomics

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26
Q

what is larynx derived from?

A

4th-6th brachial arches

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27
Q

how many/what are cartilages of the larynx?

A

9:

unpaired: thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis

paired: arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

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28
Q

what structure = adam’s apple?

A

laryngeal prominence

29
Q

is hyoid bone part of the larynx?

A

no

30
Q

does thyroid cartilage have both front and back?

A

no

just front, no back

31
Q

does cricoid cartilage have both front and back?

A

yes

small front, large back

32
Q

what kind of joint between thyroid and cricoid cartilages?

A

synovial

33
Q

what kind of front/back does trachea have?

A

solid front, cartilage

musculo-membranous back

34
Q

where is vocal ligament?

A

runs from aretenoid > thyroid

35
Q

why don’t you do a crycothyrotomy in trachea where rings are?

A

because there, risk causing a tracheo-esophageal fistula if puncture both trachea and esophagus

36
Q

how many parts to upper larynx internal membrane?

A

quadrangular upper portion, ends in vestibular fold

lower portion, ends in vocal fold

37
Q

what do vestibular ligament & vocal ligament do

A

produce vestibular & vocal folds of internal membrane of larynx

38
Q

where does fluid often fill, esp in elderly ppl?

A

laryngeal ventricle

39
Q

how do you relate things in the larynx?

A

relate them to the glottis

40
Q

identify the vocal fold

A
41
Q

where does food go when swallow?

A

around larynx into esophagus

42
Q

larynx layers

A

epithelium

lamina propria - forms ligament

vocalis muscle

43
Q

what is true vocal cord?

A

vocal fold

= vocal ligament + overlying mucosa

44
Q

what is false vocal cord?

A

vestibular fold

= vestibular ligament + overlying mucosa

45
Q

laryngoscope fxn

A

use to visualize epiglottis, back of larynx and its swellings, vocal folds w/ vestibular fold above them

46
Q

what is rima glottidis

A

opening btwn true vocal cords & arytenoid cartilages

47
Q

what do vocal folds control?

A

1) control air going in/out of our lungs
2) are a protective sphincter
3) are fundamnetal frequencies to produce sounds
4) do maintence of intrathoracic & intraabdominal pressure (ie when constipated, give birth)

48
Q

what helps you lift weights re: larynx?

A

vocal folds

49
Q

how to make self throw up

A

1) finger touches lips, arouses GSA in trigeminal CN V
2) finger in front of tongue, now more GSA in trigeminal & also taste in chorda tympani of CN VII
3) back of tongue, posterior 1/3, in CN IX - shares 4 brainstem nuclei w/ CN X
4) GAG REFLEX is initiated
5) if went further, touch epiglottis - CN X

so invade center of universe- CN X!

50
Q

muscles of larynx

glottic muscles

A

most important:

posterior cricoarytenoid, cricothyroid

others:

lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, thyroarytenoid, vocalis

51
Q

what muscle abducts vocal folds of larynx?

A

posterior cricoarytenoid m

52
Q

what is unique about cricothyroid m?

A

only larynx m not innervated by RLN

innervated in SLN

53
Q

folds’ main job?

A

sphincter protection

54
Q

swellings of folds causes what?

A

laryngitis

55
Q

what muscle is this

A

posterior crico-arytenoid mm

56
Q

what muscle is this

A

cricothyroid m

57
Q

what is position of epiglottis when swallow?

A

down

58
Q

inlet muscles of larynx re: epiglottis?

A

1) thyroepiglotticus
2) oblique artenoid
3) aryepiglotticus

59
Q

motor laryngeal innervation?

A

mostly RLN

also exsternal branch of SLN

60
Q

sensory laryngeal innervation?

A

1) internal laryngeal nerve- above vocal folds & superior surface of folds
2) RLN- below vocal folds & inferior surface of folds

61
Q

what happens in post-laryngectomy state?

A

can no longer breathe air in via nasal route bc cannot maintain intraabdominal pressure w/o larynx

62
Q

what animal is this? ID the larynx

A

rabbit

63
Q

how does breast feeding work re: larynx?

A

high larynx is unique

epiglottis guides larynx, larynx elevates into nasopharynx

permits swallowing while breathing

64
Q

what is dangerous about larynx’s ability to depress down?

A

because pharynx is common passageway for food, air, breathing must cease while swallowing

65
Q

what is reflux

A

when acidic contents from gut go up into larynx

66
Q

what have we gained via larynx?

A

huge, permanent oropharynx

67
Q

id the structures

A
68
Q

2 heads of sternocleidomastoid?

A

sternal and clavicular heads

Structures: Part Deux (36 decks)

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