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Structures: Part Deux > LEC40: Lower Extremity Osteology 101 > Flashcards

LEC40: Lower Extremity Osteology 101 Flashcards

1
Q

“pelvis” means?

A

basin

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2
Q

what comes out of holes in sacrum?

A

rami

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3
Q

what covers opterator foramen?

A

fascia, muscles

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4
Q

what goes through opterator foramen? Where do these structures go?

A

opterator nerve, artery, vein; to medial portion of thigh

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5
Q

how many large plexises of body?

A

2: lumbosacral, brachial

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6
Q

pelvic bones?

A

1 cocxal bone; 2 oss cocxae, sacrum, coccyx

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7
Q

what kind of joint is sacro-ileac joint?

A

synovial

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8
Q

bones of the pelvis?

A

large ilium, sacrum, pubis, ischium

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9
Q

what do we sit on?

A

ischium, on ischial tuberosity

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10
Q

where does femur articular with pelvis?

A

acetabular fossa - synovial joint

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11
Q

what 3 bones fuse in acetabulum?

A

ilium, pubis, ischium

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12
Q

whose acetabular fossa is shallower- newborn or adult?

A

newborn - so dangerous to straight baby and slam butt, b/c can dislocate the hip

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13
Q

what is the biggest bone in the body?

A

femur

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14
Q

technical name of hip joint?

A

acetabulofemoral joint

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15
Q

technical name of knee joint?

A

genual joint

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16
Q

what articulates with acetabulofemoral fossa?

A

head of femur

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17
Q

proximal vs distal femur?

A

proximal- at acetabulofemoral joint; ditasl- at genual joint

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18
Q

features of head of femur

A

greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, trochanteric crest, head, fovea capitis, neck, pectineal line, linea aspera

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19
Q

features of distal femur

A

lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle, patellar surface, intercondylar fossa, lateral condyle

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20
Q

what connects to lesser trochanter of femur?

A

ONLY the ileopsoas m.

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21
Q

what is the linea aspera?

A

surface on posterior portion of femur where adductor muscles attach

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22
Q

why so dangerous to break hip?

A

get avascular necrosis - lots of blood

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23
Q

what are swellings on long bones called?

A

condyles

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24
Q

what part of leg articulates w/ femur?

A

proximal portion of tibia’s tibial tuberoscity

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25
Q

structures of patella

A

patellar surface; medial groove; lateral groove; lateral epicondyl; medial epicondyle; semilunar area; lateral condyle; medial condyle

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26
Q

what is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?

A

patella

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27
Q

“sesamoid” means?

A

“seed”

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28
Q

what are sesamoids

A

bones in the tendons of muscles

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29
Q

patella function?

A

leverage for quadriceps muscles in thigh; extending knee joint

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30
Q

latin for leg?

A

“crus” pl: “crura”

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31
Q

why are compartments significant?

A

1) functionality, 2) clinically don’t want to spread problems across compartments

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32
Q

bones of the leg

A

tibia, fibula

33
Q

which aspect of leg is tibia on?

A

medial

34
Q

word for fibular side of leg?

A

“peron” or “peroneal”

35
Q

which leg bone is weight-bearing?

A

tibia

36
Q

what/where is fabella?

A

sesamoid bone at distal part of femur, proximal part of tibia

37
Q

what connects tibia-fibula?

A

ligaments

38
Q

types of joint(s) between tibia-fibula?

A

synovial, syndesmosis

39
Q

what are melleilei?

A

“big hammer” swellings at distal end of tibia/fibula, important for leverage

40
Q

term to describe muscles within a part of the extremity?

A

intrinsic

41
Q

term to describe muscles that go across parts of extremity?

A

extrinsic

42
Q

what do extrinsic leg muscles do?

A

put tendons onto the foot

43
Q

tendons that go from leg > foot?

A

tibialis anterior; tibialis posterior; flexor digitorum longus; flexor hullucis longus

44
Q

major categories of foot bones

A

tarsals > metatarsals > phalanges

45
Q

what type of structure is the foot?

A

osteoligamentous - based upon its bones

46
Q

“tarsus” means

A

“flat”

47
Q

where is dorsum of the foot?

A

top of the foot

48
Q

where is plantar surface of the foot?

A

bottom fo the foot

49
Q

what is unique about plantar surface of foot’s skin?

A

some of thickest, most sensitive skin of the body; only connection between human & earth

50
Q

how many bones in tarsus?

A

7

51
Q

foot bone for ankle joint?

A

talus

52
Q

bones of tarsus?

A

calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral)

53
Q

hand counterpart to tarsal bones?

A

carpal bones

54
Q

technical name for big toe?

A

hallox

55
Q

where does achilles tendon attach?

A

to calcaneous bone

aka tendo-calcaneous tendon

56
Q

tendo-calcaneal bursitis

A

swelling of bursa under where achilles tendon connects calf muscles (gastrocnemius + soleus) to calcaneus (heel bone)

57
Q

how many carpal bones of hand?

A

8

58
Q

hand bones

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum pisiform, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

59
Q

foot arches

A

1) internal (medial) longitudinal arch 2) transverse (anterior) arch 3) external (lateral) longitudinal arch

60
Q

technical name for limb falling asleep

A

parasthesia

61
Q

what nerve do skiiers commonly damage?

A

common fibular / common peroneal nerve

62
Q

spring ligament

A

plantar-calcaneo-navicular ligament of plantar surface of foot; stretches btwn navicular-calcaneous bones; supports talus bone; supports arch; if damaged, talus falls > flat feet

63
Q

technical name for flat feet

A

pes planus

64
Q

why do people with flat feet experience fatigue?

A

leg muscles work to elevate the foot’s arch, so constantly fatigued, even if just standing

65
Q

technical name for foot binding

A

pes cavus

66
Q

result of foot binding

A

heightened arch

67
Q

what does running on pavement cause

A

microfractures throughout tibia; potentially alters hormonal systems

68
Q

can foot’s articular cartilage regenerate?

A

no

69
Q

what is tarsal tunnel

A

narrow areas/areas of constriction in extremeties within which nerves, vessels go

70
Q

what can happen in tarsal tunnel

A

entrapment neuropathy

71
Q

retinaculum function

A

binding; binds down muscles, nerves that come underneath it; have one on medial side of leg, binds Tom, Dick, Harry, and distal branches of tibial n. and arteries

72
Q

what happens if tarsal tunnel gets compressed?

A

distal part of foot loses sensation

73
Q

how many phalanges per toe?

A

3: proximal, middle, distal; hallox has only 2: proximal, distal

74
Q

what lie underneath the hallox?

A

sesamoid bones

75
Q

how many of each type of foot bone in each foot?

A

7 tarsal, 5 metatarsal, 5 phalanges

76
Q

movements of ankle joint?

A

4: plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, eversion

77
Q

movements of knee joint?

A

extend, flex

78
Q

movements of hip joint?

A

6: circumduction, abduct, adduct, flex, extend, medially and laterally rotate

Structures: Part Deux (36 decks)

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