LEC42: Lower Limb II

Question 1

what secretes synovial fluid? what is it made of?

Answer 1

synovial membrane, just outside of joint

protein-based fluid

Question 2

what is within synovial joint?

Answer 2

2 fibrocartilagenous discs, hylaine cartilage, synovial fluid

Question 3

how does synovial joint work?

Answer 3

synovial membrane exudes synovial fluid, which nourishes joint, gives it movement ability

Question 4

trauma to synovial joint known as? / caused by?

Answer 4

“water on the knee”

trauma, disease, aging

Question 5

can synovial fluid regenerate?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

hip joint’s technical name, joint type, special characteristic

Answer 6

acetabulofemoral joint, synovial ball and socket joint

weight-bearing joint

Question 7

movements of hip joint

Answer 7

Circumduction.

1) flexion
2) extension
3) abduction
4) adduction
5) lateral/external rotation
6) medial rotation

Question 8

knee joint’s technical name

Answer 8

genual

Question 9

what from within quadriceps muscle communicates with knee joint?

Answer 9

quadriceps bursa

can fill with fluid

Question 10

what part of femur/tibia articulate?

Answer 10

distal femur, proximal tibia

Question 11

sesamoid bone of knee? its function?

Answer 11

patella, biggest sesamoid bone in body

quadriceps leverage

Question 12

genual joint actions

Answer 12

1) extension

2) flexion

Question 13

technical name of ankle joint? what articulates there?

Answer 13

talo-crural joint, talus bone of foot-crura (leg)

Question 14

talo-crural joint’s actions?

Answer 14

1) extension/dorsi-flexion
2) true flexion/plantar-flexion
3) inversion
4) eversion

Question 15

muscles that extend acetabulo-femoral joint?

Answer 15

1) gluteus maximus

2) hamstrings

Question 16

muscles that flex acetabulo-femoral joint?

Answer 16

1) iliopsoas
2) sartorious
3) rectus femoras
4) tensor facialata

Question 17

muscles that adduct acetabulo-femoral joint?

Answer 17

1) adductor magnus, longus, brevis pectineus

2) grasilis

Question 18

muscles that abduct acetabulo-femoral joint?

Answer 18

1) glueus medius, minimus

2) tensor fasciae latae

Question 19

muscles that laterally rotate acetabulo-femoral joint?

Answer 19

1) sartious
2) obturator internus
3) obturator externus
4) gemelli superior and inferior
5) quadratus femoris

GRADED ACTION

Question 20

muscles that medially rotate acetabulo-femoral joint?

Answer 20

medial fibers of gluteus medius and minimus

Question 21

muscles that extend genual joint?

Answer 21

1) Quadriceps femoris
2) Rectus femoris
3) Vastus lateralis
4) Vastus medialis
5) Vastus intermedius

Question 22

muscles that flex genual joint?

Answer 22

1) Hamstrings
2) Biceps femoris
3) Semitendonosis
4) Semimembranosus
5) Popliteus
6) Gastrocnemius
7) Plantaris

Question 23

what is unique about the short head of the biceps femoris?

Answer 23

innervated by common peroneal nerve

ONLY MUSCLE IN BODY innervated by common peroneal nerve!

Question 24

what is unique about gastrocnemius?

Answer 24

2 joint muscle

comes from femur

Question 25

what is the initial unlocker of the knee?

Answer 25

popliteus m.

Question 26

what is unique about plantaris m.?

Answer 26

vestigial muscle

constantly spasms 2 muscles if torn

Question 27

muscles that extend talo-crural joint?

Answer 27

1) tibialis anterior
2) extensor halligus longus
3) extensor digitorum longus
4) continuation of peroneus tertious, the 5th toe of extensor digitalis longus

Question 28

muscles that flex talo-crural joint?

Answer 28

1) Gastrocnemius
2) soleus
3) plantaris
4) tibialis posterior
5) flexior digitorum longus
6) flexor hallicus longus
7) peroneus longus
8) peroneus brevis

Question 29

which muscles are tom, dick, and harry?

Answer 29

tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus

Question 30

which muscles make up the triceps surae?

Answer 30

glastrocnemius, soleus
3-headed muscle of the calf
are 2-joint muscles

Question 31

muscles that invert talo-crural joint?

Answer 31

tibialis anterior and posterior

Question 32

muscles that do eversion of talo-crural joint?

Answer 32

1) peroneus longus

2) peroneus brevis

Question 33

another word for peroneus?

Answer 33

fibularis

Question 34

tibial nerve root values

Answer 34

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

Question 35

sister of tibial nerve?

Answer 35

common peroneal nerve

L4, L5, S1, S2

Question 36

what nerves form sciatic nerve?

Answer 36

common peroneal + tibial nerves

Question 37

where is sciatica felt? where is root?

Answer 37

lower extremity

L4, L5 radiculopathy

Question 38

what is trendelenburg gait?

Answer 38

damage to abductors of hip joint, usually damage to superior gluteal nerve L4, L5, S1
ipsolateral limb moves, abductors contract and hug hip in
rock side to side

Question 39

what is gluteus maximus lurch?

Answer 39

damage to inferior gluteal nerve

L5, S1, S2

Question 40

what is drop foot caused by?

Answer 40

damage of common peroneal nerve
deep peroneal part is knocked out
foot drags, steppage gait

Question 41

what is easier to lose: inversion or eversion of foot?

Answer 41

eversion, because would have to knock out 2 different compartments - both tibial and common peroneal nerves - to knock out inversion

Question 42

what carries sensation from medial malleolus?

Answer 42

saphenous nerve

Question 43

what is the only non-sciatic innervation distal to the knee?

Answer 43

saphenous nerve, branch of femoral nerve

Question 44

if have neuropathy in leg- if can extend knee, what type of neuropathy?

Answer 44

distal neuropathy of saphenous nerve

Question 45

if have neuropathy in leg- if cannot extend knee, what type of neuropathy?

Answer 45

L2-L4, femoral nerve neuropathy

Question 46

if cannot bring knees together, which nerves are definitely injured?

Answer 46

femoral, obturator