Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Structures: Part Deux > LEC34: Pelvis, Perineum, and Female Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

LEC34: Pelvis, Perineum, and Female Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

openings in male pelvic diaphragm

A

urethral hiatus, anorectal hiatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

openings in female pelvic diaphragm

A

urethra, vagina, rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

muscles of pelvic diaphragm

A

puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, coccygeus (ischiococcygeus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

extremity muscles

A

muscles that move the lower extremity, but origins are outside pelvic diaphragm

obturator internus, piriformis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

levator anai

A

muscles that elevate the anus; cover pelvic opening

puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

clinical significance of women having wider gap between levator anai muscles

A

after birth, area becomes loose, more likely to have organs prolapse through this area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

kegel

A

exercises women can do to tighten pelvic floor muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does pelvic diaphragm support

A

organs: rectum, bladder, uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is external anal sphincter

A

below pelvic diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

muscles of anal sphincter

A

1) levator ani portion of pelvic diaphragm (SKELETAL)
2) external anal sphincter (SKELETAL)
3) internal anal sphincter (SMOOTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what innervates anal sphincter area

A

inferior rectal nerve, branch of pudendal n.

S2, 3, 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the shape of the anal canal / why does this matter

A

banana shape- flexure from sigmoid colon > rectum

anything inserted into canal must be flexible, not too big for that area (i.e. re: abuse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 triangles inferior to pelvic bones

A

anal triangle of perineum, urogenital triangle of perineum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

boundaries of anal triangle of perineum

A

point of coccyx, front of pubis, ischeal tuberosities (on side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what structure is wider in females

A

urogenital triangle of perineum - can widen during childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

perineum meaning

A

“area around the newborn”

same name for men and women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what surrounds anal triangle

A

ischiorectal fossa, pocket filled with fat - can compress when vagina or anus expands, and is expendable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

urogenital diaphragm (UGD)

A

aka deep perineal pouch

forms a shelf superficial to the pelvic diaphragm, has 2 layers of fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

layers of fascia around UGD

A

superior and inferior (perineal) fascia layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does UGD’s fascia membrane contain

A

contains muscles of urogenital diaphragm in a pouch called deep perineal pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is within deep perineal pouch

A

deep transverse perineal muscle
sphincter urethrae m (males)
sphincter urethrea m + spincter urethrovaginalis (females)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

structures within male urogenital diaphragm/deep pouch

A

urethral sphincter, bulbourethral gland, deep transverse perineal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does bulbourethral gland contribute to

A

fluid of the ejaculate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

shape of female bladder

A

flat top, except when very expanded, because uterus sits directly on top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

urethra length in women vs. men

A

short in women, long in men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

is cistitis more common in women or men

A

women because their urethra is so short, can get bacteria up tube very easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cell type of bladder, importance

A

transitional epithelium

allows for massive distortion of shape of whole organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

why does bladder sometimes appear to be an abdominal organ, and is it?

A

transitional epithelium of bladder means bladder can change shape, go over pelvic brim, appear to go into abdominal area, although in reality it’s in peritoneum so isn’t an abdominal organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

can you work out your bladder muscles

A

no!

can train yourself to not react when full, but not skeletal, so not excercisable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

can you work out pelvic floor muscles?

A

yes!

are skeletal muscles, so can work them out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

sections of male urethra

A

1) preprostatic part
2) prostatic part- through the prostate
3) membranous part- through peritoneal membrane
4) spongy part- through penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

where do prostate fluids drain

A

prostatic sinuses, where prostatic utricle, opening of ejaculatory ducts are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

sympathetic innervation of pelvic area

A

superior hypogastric plexus

comes from above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

parasympathetic innervation of pelvic area

A

pelvics
go into inferior hypogastric plexus
> smooth muscle of pelvis, i.e. bladder, to propel things down the ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what controls erectile tissue

A

blood flow

controlled by autonomics of pelvic splanchnic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

prostatic plexus

A

cluster of nerves from inferior hypogastric plexus nerves; run on both sides of diaphragm, cluster around prostate
makes surgery difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

glans

A

where fluid exits seminal vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

common ducts for urination and ejaculation

A

ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy (penile) urethra

39
Q

erectile tissue made of

A

corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum

40
Q

which erectile tissue is where urethra runs

A

corpus spongiosum

41
Q

why isn’t the clitoris a male penis

A

the urethra doesn’t pass through it

its erectile tissues do not enclose the urethra

42
Q

what structures do sperm pass through

A

testis, epididymis, prostate, passage through diaphragms, corpus spongiosum, glans

43
Q

what surrounds corpus cavernosum

A

tough fibrous coat

ensures tissue is extremely stiff when erect, penetration occurs

44
Q

why is it important corpus spongiosum is spongy

A

stays soft, even when erect, so can expand and allow ejaculate w/ sperm to travel through

45
Q

os penis

A

most mammals have penis made of bone; humans likely don’t because ability to become erect means good cardiovascular strength; evolutionarily helpful for mate-finding

46
Q

female erectile tissue function

A

stiffens the vaginal orifice

47
Q

female erectile bodies/locations

A

1) corpus cavernosum (body, glans, crus of clitoris)

2) corpus spongiosum (bulb of vestibule)

48
Q

greater vestibular glands function

A

lubricate vagina

49
Q

what stiffens vaginal orifice? bulb of vestibule function

A

bulb of vestibule

50
Q

clitoris body and glans homologous to

A

dorsal paired penis bodies

51
Q

bulbs of vestibule homologous to

A

bulb of penis, ventral body, glans

52
Q

where are erectile tissues located

A

superficial to UGD, in superficial pouch/perineal space

53
Q

what covers erectile tissues

A

skeletal muscles

54
Q

what covers crus of clitoris

A

ischiocavernous muscles

55
Q

what covers spongy tissue, bulb of penis?

A

bulbospongiosus musle

56
Q

skeletal muscles of superficial pouch

A

bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perineal

57
Q

what does superficial pouch contain?

A

scrotal contents, erectile tissues, skeletal muscle covers, an outer layer of fascia

58
Q

superficial pouch location re: UGD

A

below

59
Q

is urethra inside the clitoris?

A

no! separate. women do not pee out of their vagina.

60
Q

homologue to testis

A

ovaries

61
Q

homologue to gubenaculum

A

round ligament

62
Q

homologue to prostate

A

skene’s glands

63
Q

homologue to prostatic utricle

A

uterus

64
Q

homologue to bulbourethral glands

A

greater vestibular glands

65
Q

skene’s glands

A

aka female prostate
located between urethra and vagina
has ducts, glands; make fluid, “female ejaculation,” serves antimicrobial purpose to prevent intercourse-induced cystitis

66
Q

what is g-spot, why controversial

A

region of anterior vaginal wall

proposed to have increased sensitivity, but no anatomical data exists to support this

67
Q

homologue to body of penis

A

shaft of clitoris

68
Q

homologue to skin around scrotum

A

labium majus

69
Q

homologue to raphe of penis

A

urethral opening

70
Q

innervation of female external genitalia

A

perineal branch of pudendal nerve, inferior rectal nerve (around anus)

71
Q

blood supply to external female genitalia

A

perineal branches of internal pudendal artery, inferior rectal artery (around anus)

72
Q

bladder innervation

A

smooth m., so GVE fibers from lumbar splanchnics (sympathetic) and pelvic splanchnics (parasympathetic)

73
Q

pelvic, UGD diaphragms, superficial pouch innervation

A

skeletal m., so GSE fibers from pudendal & other sacral spinal nerves (S2-4)

74
Q

ovary innervation

A

GVA fibers; travel along ovarian artery to T10

75
Q

uterus, vagina innervation

A

GVE fibers from lumbar splanchnics (sympathetics), pelvic splanchnics (parasympathetics); GVA back travel along same path

76
Q

lymphatic drainage from ovaries goes where?

A

aortic lymph nodes

77
Q

where do ovarian (gonadal) arteries branch from?

A

directly from abdominal aorta

78
Q

which arteries are crucial to pregnancy?

A

abdominal aorta branch:ovarian a.,
internal iliac branches: uterine a., vaginal a., internal pudendal a.
all anastomose, support pregnancy

79
Q

size of uterus over lifetime

A

grows from birth > puberty > adult > menopause, regresses to size of before changes happened during puberty

80
Q

uterus position re: bladder?

A

uterus is in an anteverted position over bladder

81
Q

what facilitates vaginal walls’ stretch?

A

abundance of fat in anterior recess of ischiorectal fossa

82
Q

cardinal ligaments function, location

A

aka lateral cervical ligament/suspensory ligament
at base of broad ligament of the uterus
contains uterine artery, vein
attaches cervix to lateral pelvic wall by attachment to obturator fascia of obturator internus m.

83
Q

ligaments that support uterus, ovaries

A

round ligament (ligamentum teres), proper ovarian ligament, uterosacral fold, suspensory ligament of ovary (contains ovarian vessels)

84
Q

layers of broad ligament of uterus

A

covers uterus

1) mesometrium- around body of uterus
2) mesoalpinx- around tube
3) mesovarium- comes out toward us, where ovary is suspended

85
Q

what surrounds cervix

A

fornix; have 2 fornices (anterior, posterior)

back alley abortion with straight tool can penetrate posterior fornix, go into peritoneum

86
Q

what is cervical opening called

A

os

87
Q

what/where is opening of uterine tube?

A

os of uterine tube

in middle of fimbriae

88
Q

how do you ensure a woman can be fertilized, tubes aren’t closed?

A

introduce dye into uterus, it emerges from ostia of uterine tubes and enters peritoneum

89
Q

what happens during ovulation that causes pain?

A

parietal peritoneum tears > pain

90
Q

why can uterus expand for pregnancy?

A

transitional epithelium, smooth muscle

91
Q

where does a pregnant woman feel late appendicitis pain?

A

anywhere that her appendix has been pushed

92
Q

why do pregnant women need to pee so much and become constipated?

A

bladder becomes compressed, above public arch; rectum compressed also

93
Q

why so much pain during childbirth?

A

so many different nerve fibers in this area carry pain from all different surrounding structures
epidural anesthesia mitigates pain

Structures: Part Deux (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions