LEC57: Salivary glands & Exocrine pancreas

Question 1

what kind of glands are salivary

Answer 1

exocrine

Question 2

what kind of glands are pancreas glands

Answer 2

exocrine & endocrine

Question 3

what are salivary & pancreas glands assoc w/?

Answer 3

both functionally & structurally, assoc w/ digestive system

Question 4

how do exocrine glands release secretory product

Answer 4

via a duct onto external surface / into lumen of an organ

ie intestine

Question 5

how do endocrine glands release their hormone

Answer 5

into blood circulation or tissue space

Question 6

both exocrine and endocrine glands begin how

Answer 6

epithelial cell downgrowth into CT

Question 7

major salivary glands

Answer 7

parotid

submanidbular

sublingual

produce ~90% totaly volume of saliva

Question 8

minor salivary glands

Answer 8

lips

tongue

palates

~10% total volume of saliva

Question 9

identify the major salivary glands

Answer 9

Question 10

what does saliva contain?

how much/day?

Answer 10

water, ions, mucins, antimicrobial substances, IgA, enzymes, proteins

~liter/day

Question 11

saliva functions?

Answer 11

1) wet and lubricate oral mucosa
2) protect the oral mucosa and teeth
3) antimicrobial activity
4) initiate digestion of carbohydrates
5) hydrolysis of dietary lipids in newborns (lingual lipase)

Question 12

what are parenchya

Answer 12

parenchyma: secretory units and ducts

Question 13

what are stroma

Answer 13

connective tissue supporting the parenchyma and containg cells, blood vessels, nerves

Question 14

what kind of glands are salivary glands?

Answer 14

compound tubuloacinar / compound acinar glands

Question 15

organization of saliva glands

Answer 15

capsule

CT septa

lobes

lobules

secretory units

ducts

Question 16

tubular gland structure?

Answer 16

gland has 1 duct opening into 1 very elongated secretory unit that is tubular shape

can be single simple or branched ducts w/ compound gland

Question 17

acinar/alveolar gland structure

Answer 17

spherical gland

simple: 1 duct-1 gland
compound: multiple ducts/multiple glands

Question 18

tubuloacinar gland structure

Answer 18

combo of tubular and acinar gland

salivary gland can be tubular, acinar, or tubuloacinar

Question 19

acini

Answer 19

secretory units (end pieces) of exocrine glands, whether rounded or tubular on sections

Question 20

how are acini classified

Answer 20

according to the nature of secretions they produce

Question 21

types of acini?

Answer 21

serous, mucous

Question 22

what are these

Answer 22

serous- watery secretion rich in enzymes & mucous- viscous secretion rich in glycoproteins - secretions from acini

Question 23

types of acini of salivary glands?

Answer 23

1) serous acini
2) mucous acini
3) mixed acini, composed of mucous cells & serous cells, the latter making serous demilunes

Question 24

what is this, what is arrow pointing to

Answer 24

mixed acini (in submandibular gland)

arrow > serous demilnue, consists of serous cells forming a semilunar cap at terminal portion of mucous acinus

Question 25

what is this

Answer 25

myoepithelial cells located btwn basal plasma membranes of acinar cells & basement membranes

Question 26

make up of myoepithelial cells?

Answer 26

actin, cytokeratin have contractility

Question 27

what is this

Answer 27

salivary gland showing arrangement of acini and intralobular ducts

Question 28

cell type of duct cells?

Answer 28

simple columnar epithelium w/ basal striations

Question 29

what marks mitochondrial enzymes?

Answer 29

succinic dehydrogenase

Question 30

Answer 30

striated duct marked by SDH in mitochondria

Question 31

cell type lining intercalated / striated intralobular duct cells?

Answer 31

intercalated: simple cuboidal epithelium striated: simple columnar epithelium

Question 32

cell types of interlobular, lobar, and main excretory ducts?

Answer 32

interlobular: psuedostratified columnar lobar: stratified columnar main: stratified squamous

Question 33

Answer 33

interlobar ducts between lobes

Question 34

what type of gland is parotid?

Answer 34

pure serous gland ONLY serous acini; intercalated ducts; conspicuous striated ducts

Question 35

what is this

Answer 35

parotid gland pure serous gland

Question 36

what is this

Answer 36

submandibular gland mixed gland; serous acini \> mucous acini mixed acini w/ serous demilunes intercalated ducts conspicuous straited ducts

Question 37

what is this

Answer 37

sublingual gland mixed gland mucous acini \> serous acini mixed acini w/ serous demilunes intralobular ducts are poorly developed

Question 38

rank salivary glands re: intercalated duct size

Answer 38

1) parotid 2) submandibular 3) sublingual - rare or absent intercalated ducts

Question 39

rank salivary glands re: straited duct size

Answer 39

well-developed: parotid, submandibular poorly developed: sublingual

Question 40

how much of saliva does each salivary gland contribute? what is nature of secretion?

Answer 40

parotid: 30%, watery, rich in enzymes sublingual: 5%, thick, mucous submandibular: 60%, mixture of enzyme & mucous secretion of intermediate consistency

Question 41

describe functional unit of salivary gland

Answer 41

Question 42

describe saliva

Answer 42

hypotonic, alkaline solution in oral cavity

Question 43

other functions of saliva?

Answer 43

lubrication protection antimicrobial activity

Question 44

function of secretory IgA?

Answer 44

component of saliva with antibacterial and antiviral actions

Question 45

other functions of saliva

Answer 45

1) lubrication, protection, antimicrobial activity 2) antibacterial, antiviral via Secretory IgA 3) digestion of carbs via starch 4) growth factors- epidermal growth factor, nerve growth factor 5) biological active proteins (cystatins, histatins, proline-rich proteins) 6) calcium for phosphate for remineralization of teeth

Question 46

pellicles?

Answer 46

proline-rich protective coat saliva forms on teeth prevents adherence of bacteria, yeast

Question 47

what do parasympathetic/sympathetic control of saliva contribute to?

Answer 47

parasympathetic: watery, electroyte rich saliva; high volume sympathetic: viscous, mucin and protein rich saliva; low volume

Question 48

how do exocrine secretions leave pancreas?

Answer 48

main pancreatic duct joins bile duct to open into duodenum duct carrie secretion of exocrine pancreas into duodenum

Question 49

what kind of gland is pancreas?

Answer 49

compound acinar gland - has CT septa, lobes, lobules

Question 50

Answer 50

serous pancreatic acini contain centroacinar cells in lumen

Question 51

Answer 51

centroacinar cells from beginning portion of intercalated duct of exocrine pancreas

Question 52

what and where is this? type of release involved?

Answer 52

zymogen granules of pancreatic acinar cells digestive enzymes within are released by merocrine mechanism

Question 53

what/when does pancreas secrete?

Answer 53

pancreas secretes a fluid containing digestive enzymes & bicarbonate ions & water in response to acid chyme in duodenum & jejunum

Question 54

what do pancreatic acinar cells secrete?

Answer 54

an enzyme-rich fluid stimulated by cholescystokinin (CCK) contains many digestive enzymes

Question 55

what do pancreatic duct cells secrete? stimulated by what?

Answer 55

a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions & water secretion is stimulated by secretin autonomic nerves are secondarily important to secretion

Question 56

what is same/different about exocrine pancreas and parotid gland?

Answer 56

both= compound acinar gland, contains only serous secretory acini HOWEVER, pancreas distinguishable histologically from parotid by: 1) presence of centroacinar cells 2) absence of straited ducts 3) absence of myoepithelial cells