LEC44: Upper Extremity I

Question 1

4 things to know about a joint

Answer 1

1) bones involved
2) blood supply to muscles of joint = blood supply to joint
3) innervation of muscles that move joint
4) those m. innervations = joint sensory innervation

Question 2

synovial fluid function

Answer 2

reduces friction

Question 3

what keeps synovial fluid in place

Answer 3

capsule

Question 4

what makes synovial fluid

Answer 4

membranes around joint, in synovial joint capsule

Question 5

what is surface of synovial joint

Answer 5

hylaine cartilage - v. smooth, allows surfaces to glide over each other

Question 6

parts of synchondrotic bone

Answer 6

epiphysis, cartilage growth plate, diaphysis

Question 7

growth plate made of?

Answer 7

cartilage

Question 8

epiphysis

Answer 8

cap on either side of long bone

Question 9

diaphysis

Answer 9

center part of long bone

Question 10

what does ligament connect? function?

Answer 10

bone-bone

stabilization

Question 11

what does tendon connect? function?

Answer 11

muscle-bone

action of 1 bone relative to another

Question 12

“arm”

Answer 12

“brachia”

Question 13

where is arm?

Answer 13

shoulder to elbow

Question 14

where is forearm?

Answer 14

elbow to wrist

Question 15

where is axilla?

Answer 15

armpit

Question 16

movements of shoulder joint

Answer 16

1) extension
2) hyperextension
3) flexion
4) circumduction

Question 17

movements of elbow joint

Answer 17

1) supination
2) pronation
3) flexion
4) extension

Question 18

where is olecranon? olecranon process? what does it allow us to do?

Answer 18

olecranon- proximal bone projection from ulna; “tip of the elbow”
nests in olecranon fassa of humerus
this allows us to have totally full extension of arm > full brachiation, throwing motion

Question 19

movements of wrist

Answer 19

1) extend
2) flex
3) abduct
4) adduct

Question 20

what movement can’t the wrist do?

Answer 20

hyperextend

Question 21

ventral wrist compartment responsible for what movement?

Answer 21

flexion

Question 22

dorsal wrist compartment responsible for what movement?

Answer 22

extension

Question 23

wrist tendons?

Answer 23

1) flexor carpe radialis
2) flexor carpe ulnaris
3) extensor carpe ulnaris
4) extensor carpe radialis longus and extensor carpe radialis brevis

Question 24

contraction of radialis muscle is what movement?

Answer 24

adduction

Question 25

contraction of ulnaris muscle is what movement?

Answer 25

abduction

Question 26

what is adduction?

Answer 26

toward axis of symmetry

bring things together

Question 27

what is abduction?

Answer 27

away from axis of symmetry

separate things

Question 28

what movements can/can’t middle finger make?

Answer 28

can abduct medially or laterally; cannot adduct

Question 29

what is supination?

Answer 29

hands are up

holding bowl of soup

Question 30

what is pronation?

Answer 30

hand is down

you’re a pro, high five hand down

Question 31

muscles involved in abduction of arm?

Answer 31

1) supraspinatus m.
2) deltoid m.
3) serratus anterior m.

Question 32

rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 32

1) supraspinatus m. (not a rotator!)
2) infraspinatus m.
3) teres minor m.
4) subscapularis m.

Question 33

what does patella allow?

Answer 33

deep knee bend

Question 34

characteristic of pectoral girdle re: upper limbs

Answer 34

very flexible, gives upper extremity lots of flexibility for movement, but not v. stable

Question 35

what is it easy to dislocate a shoulder?

Answer 35

glenoid fassa is very shallow; not a solid cup

Question 36

if arm muscle is in extensor compartment, what is its innervation?

Answer 36

radial nerve

Question 37

if arm muscle is in flexor compartment, what is its innervation?

Answer 37

musculocutaneous n. between shoulder-elbow

Question 38

“forearm”

Answer 38

antebrachium

Question 39

“hand”

Answer 39

manus

Question 40

finger movements?

Answer 40

1) flexion
2) extension
3) abduction
4) adduction

Question 41

when someone’s in the anatomical position, how are their joints?

Answer 41

extended

Question 42

foot toes toward the floor is what movement?

Answer 42

plantarflexion, flexion

standing on tiptoes

Question 43

foot toes pulled back toward shin is what movement?

Answer 43

dorsiflexion, hyperextension

walking on your heels

Question 44

which joints have pulleys?

Answer 44

1) humerus-lower leg, via patella

2) ankle-bottom of foot

Question 45

what nerves innervate elbow-wrist?

Answer 45

mostly median n., some ulnar n.

Question 46

what nerves innervate hand?

Answer 46

mostly ulnar n., some median

Question 47

in anatomical position, where is radius?

Answer 47

thumb side

Question 48

retinacula tendons of wrist function

Answer 48

hold down muscles of forearm so when contract fingers, see muscular bulge in forearm

Question 49

where are lumbricals, what do they flex and extend?

Answer 49

4 muscles, each asoc. with 1 finger
flex metacarpophalangeal joints
extend interphalangeal joints

Question 50

what muscle does “bye bye” action?

Answer 50

lumbricals

Question 51

common vasculature of elbow

Answer 51

medial: basilic
lateral: cephalic

Question 52

where do elbow vessels run between?

Answer 52

deltoid and pectoral muscles

Question 53

what is the “H-shaped” vein across elbow? its use?

Answer 53

median cubidal vein

draw blood there

Question 54

what are “M-shaped” veins across elbow?

Answer 54

median cephalic v., median basilic v., median vein of forearm

Question 55

which arteries involved in finger adduction?

Answer 55

palmars

Question 56

which arteries involved in finger abduction?

Answer 56

dorsals

Question 57

why is chin up easier than pull up?

Answer 57

if arms are already supinated, as in chin up, biceps don’t have to work to supinate, just elbow flexion must work