LEC44: Upper Extremity I Flashcards
4 things to know about a joint
1) bones involved
2) blood supply to muscles of joint = blood supply to joint
3) innervation of muscles that move joint
4) those m. innervations = joint sensory innervation
synovial fluid function
reduces friction
what keeps synovial fluid in place
capsule
what makes synovial fluid
membranes around joint, in synovial joint capsule
what is surface of synovial joint
hylaine cartilage - v. smooth, allows surfaces to glide over each other
parts of synchondrotic bone
epiphysis, cartilage growth plate, diaphysis
growth plate made of?
cartilage
epiphysis
cap on either side of long bone
diaphysis
center part of long bone
what does ligament connect? function?
bone-bone
stabilization
what does tendon connect? function?
muscle-bone
action of 1 bone relative to another
“arm”
“brachia”
where is arm?
shoulder to elbow
where is forearm?
elbow to wrist
where is axilla?
armpit
movements of shoulder joint
1) extension
2) hyperextension
3) flexion
4) circumduction
movements of elbow joint
1) supination
2) pronation
3) flexion
4) extension
where is olecranon? olecranon process? what does it allow us to do?
olecranon- proximal bone projection from ulna; “tip of the elbow”
nests in olecranon fassa of humerus
this allows us to have totally full extension of arm > full brachiation, throwing motion
movements of wrist
1) extend
2) flex
3) abduct
4) adduct
what movement can’t the wrist do?
hyperextend
ventral wrist compartment responsible for what movement?
flexion
dorsal wrist compartment responsible for what movement?
extension
wrist tendons?
1) flexor carpe radialis
2) flexor carpe ulnaris
3) extensor carpe ulnaris
4) extensor carpe radialis longus and extensor carpe radialis brevis
contraction of radialis muscle is what movement?
adduction
contraction of ulnaris muscle is what movement?
abduction
what is adduction?
toward axis of symmetry
bring things together
what is abduction?
away from axis of symmetry
separate things
what movements can/can’t middle finger make?
can abduct medially or laterally; cannot adduct
what is supination?
hands are up
holding bowl of soup
what is pronation?
hand is down
you’re a pro, high five hand down
muscles involved in abduction of arm?
1) supraspinatus m.
2) deltoid m.
3) serratus anterior m.
rotator cuff muscles?
1) supraspinatus m. (not a rotator!)
2) infraspinatus m.
3) teres minor m.
4) subscapularis m.
what does patella allow?
deep knee bend
characteristic of pectoral girdle re: upper limbs
very flexible, gives upper extremity lots of flexibility for movement, but not v. stable
what is it easy to dislocate a shoulder?
glenoid fassa is very shallow; not a solid cup
if arm muscle is in extensor compartment, what is its innervation?
radial nerve
if arm muscle is in flexor compartment, what is its innervation?
musculocutaneous n. between shoulder-elbow
“forearm”
antebrachium
“hand”
manus
finger movements?
1) flexion
2) extension
3) abduction
4) adduction
when someone’s in the anatomical position, how are their joints?
extended
foot toes toward the floor is what movement?
plantarflexion, flexion
standing on tiptoes
foot toes pulled back toward shin is what movement?
dorsiflexion, hyperextension
walking on your heels
which joints have pulleys?
1) humerus-lower leg, via patella
2) ankle-bottom of foot
what nerves innervate elbow-wrist?
mostly median n., some ulnar n.
what nerves innervate hand?
mostly ulnar n., some median
in anatomical position, where is radius?
thumb side
retinacula tendons of wrist function
hold down muscles of forearm so when contract fingers, see muscular bulge in forearm
where are lumbricals, what do they flex and extend?
4 muscles, each asoc. with 1 finger
flex metacarpophalangeal joints
extend interphalangeal joints
what muscle does “bye bye” action?
lumbricals
common vasculature of elbow
medial: basilic
lateral: cephalic
where do elbow vessels run between?
deltoid and pectoral muscles
what is the “H-shaped” vein across elbow? its use?
median cubidal vein
draw blood there
what are “M-shaped” veins across elbow?
median cephalic v., median basilic v., median vein of forearm
which arteries involved in finger adduction?
palmars
which arteries involved in finger abduction?
dorsals
why is chin up easier than pull up?
if arms are already supinated, as in chin up, biceps don’t have to work to supinate, just elbow flexion must work
