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Structures: Part Deux > LEC56: Autonomics of the Head & Neck > Flashcards

LEC56: Autonomics of the Head & Neck Flashcards

1
Q

ANS innervates?

A

fibers innervating smooth m, cardiac m, glands

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2
Q

major divisions of the ANS?

A

1) parasympathetics: initial cell bodies in cranio-sacral portion of spine
2) sympathetics: initial cell body in thoraco-lumbar portion of spine

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3
Q

where does sympathetic system begin? how does it synapse?

A

initial cell body: T1-L2

2nd cell body: outside of T1-L2, likely in **paravertebral **chain ganglia **

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4
Q

which type of ganglia is this?

A

sympathetic ganglia

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5
Q

what can postsynaptic nerve fibers do in sympathetic system?

A

first symapse at presynaptic entrance level then can

1) leave trunk at that level in gray ramus to reach spinal nerve or organ
2) synapse at a higher level and go to head, viscera

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6
Q

what spinal cord level must these fibers be leaving at?

A

black park- in T1 portion

red part- cervical part of cord- note the absense of an IML in the column

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7
Q

name the sympathetic ganglia of the face/neck

A

1) inferior cervical ganglia
2) middle cervical ganglia
3) superior cervical ganglia (big!)

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8
Q

what do postganglionics from face/neck sympathetics do?

A

warap around vessels in the area

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9
Q

what do postganglionics of inferior cervical ganglion wrap around?

A

vertebral artery and its branches

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10
Q

what do postganglionics of middle cervical ganglion wrap around?

A

wrap around external coratid and its branches

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11
Q

what do postganglionics of superior cervical ganglion wrap around?

A

wrap around internal coratid and its branches

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12
Q

what does common carotid a split into?

A

internal & external carotid aa

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13
Q

cause of horner’s syndrome?

A

knock out of sympathetics on a particular sign of face

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14
Q

signs of horner’s syndrome?

A

1) ptosis- lowering of upper lid, due to smooth muscle weakness in part innervated by sympathetics
2) pupil- narrow b/c sympathetics which are dilators are knocked out, parasympathetics which are constrictors are in tact
3) loss of sweating on that side of face
4) retration of eyeball on that side of face

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15
Q

cranial nerves of parasympathetic system?

A

III, VII, IX > cranial ganglia > head- eye, glands, smooth m

X > synapse in or near walls of viscera > pharynx to midgut

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16
Q

pelvic splanchnics are?

A

S2, 3, 4

> hindgut, pelvis

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17
Q

name the 4 parasympathetic ganglia in head/neck

A

1) ciliary
2) pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine)
3) submandibular
4) otic

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18
Q

locations of the 4 parasympathetic ganglia in head/neck

A

1) ciliary- in orbit
2) pterygopalatine- pterygoalatine fossa
3) submandibular- oral cavity
4) otic- foramen ovale

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19
Q

4 roots of a parasympathetic ganglion

A

1) preganglionic parasympathetic (motor) root
2) sensory root
3) sympathetic root
4) distribution root

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20
Q

function of preganglionic parasympathetic motor root?

A

main function entity of parasympathetic of head/neck

tells how fibers get to 2nd cell bodies

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21
Q

function of sensory root of parasympathetic ganglion?

A

somatic afferent fibers

from CN V, trigeminal n

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22
Q

function of sympathetic root of parasympathetic ganglion?

A

postganglionic sympathetics that traverse ganglion

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23
Q

function of distribution root of parasympathetic ganglion?

A

branch of trigeminal n

the 3 other roots - sensory, sympathetic, motor - travel w/ this to target organ

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24
Q

fiber types of trigeminal n CN V

A

SVE

GSA

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25
Q

how can something be transmitted to a branch of CN V, trigeminal n, without being a part of CN V, trigeminal n?

A

CN V is used to convey postganglionic autonomic fibers, besides having its own innervating SVE/GSA fibers

so motor root, sensory root, sympathetic roots of parasympathetic ganglion all travel along branch of CN V; it serves as the distribution root

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26
Q

where is ciliary ganglion located?

what is it suspended from?

A

located in orbit, later to optic nerve

suspended from nasociliary nerve (branch of V1)

27
Q

target of ciliary ganglion

A

eye - pupil

28
Q

target of pterygopalatine ganglion

A

lacrimal gland

29
Q

target of submanidbular ganglion

A

submandibular gland

30
Q

target of otic ganglion

A

parotid gland

31
Q

ciliary ganglion: motor root

A

(preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried in)

oculomotor nerve (CN III)

32
Q

ciliary ganglion: sensory root

A

nasociliary n (V1)

33
Q

ciliary ganglion: sympathetic root

A

carotid plexus from superior cervical ganglion,

via plexus around opthalmic artery, br of internal carotid a

34
Q

ciliary ganglion: distribution root

A

nasociliary nerve branches (V1):

1) postgang. PARASYMPAHETICS via short ciliary nn to phincter pupillae & ciliaris mm
2) postgang. SYMPATHETICS & sensory fibers via short & long ciliary nn to iris (dilatory pupillae), ciliary body, cornea

35
Q

pterygopalatine ganglion: motor root

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in greater petrosal n (br CN VII) joins w/ deep petrosal n to form n of pterygoid canal

36
Q

pterygopalatine ganglion: sensory root

A

main trunk V2

37
Q

pterygopalatine ganglion: sympathetic root

A

deep petrosal n from superior cervical ganglion, via internal carotid a, through vidians canal

38
Q

pterygopalatine ganglion: distribution root

A

branchs of V2 direct or comm to lacrimal gland/secretomotor to palate, nasal cavity, pharynx

39
Q

submandibular ganglion: motor root

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried in chorda tympani n (br CN VII) to lingual nerve (V3)

40
Q

submandibular ganglion: sensory root

A

lingual n (V3)

41
Q

submandibular ganglion: sympathetic root

A

from sympathetic plexus of cervical ganglion, via facial a, branch of external carotid a

42
Q

submandibular ganglion: distribution root

A

terminal branches of lingual n (V3) to sublingual & submandibular glands

43
Q

otic ganglion: motor root

A

pregnglionic paraysmpathetic fibers carred in

lesser petrosal nerve (br. CN IX)

44
Q

otic ganglion: sensory root

A

mandibular n (V3)

45
Q

otic ganglion: sympathetic root

A

from plexus on middle cervical ganglion, via middle meningeal artery, br of external carotid a

46
Q

otic ganglion: distribution root

A

via communicating branches to auriculotemporal n (V3) to parotid gland

47
Q

clinical manifestation of CNIII damage?

A

marked ptosis (drooping) of eyelid (b/c of paralysis of levator palpebrae superioris)

hugely dialated pupil (b/c parasympathetic constrictors knocked out, sympathetic dialators fxning - opposite of horner’s pupil)

48
Q

location of pterygopalatine ganglion

A

in pterygopalatine fossa

ganglion suspended from main trunk of maxillary n (V2)

49
Q

identify where the pterygopalatine ganglion sits

A
50
Q

where does pterygopalatine ganglion distribution root go?

A

lacrimal gland - responsible for lacrimation

51
Q

what is greater petrosal n a branch of

A

CN VII

52
Q

what nerve is specifically responsible for lacrimation

A

greater petrosal n

brings secretomotor fibers to pterygopalatine gang to lacrimal gland

53
Q

what bone does CN VII come in to

A

petrous, part of the temporal bone

“rock hard”

54
Q

what runs along top of petrous bone?

A

facial hiatus

55
Q

what type of nerve fibers does greater petrosal n carry? what is it responsible for?

A

carries both preganglionic parasympathetic fibers & TASTE fibers

responsible for tate all over palate

56
Q

what is chorda tympany n a branch of?

A

CN VII

57
Q

what is fxn of chorda tympani n?

A

carries preganglionic parasympathetics going to submandibular ganglion

carries taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

does secretomotor functions of oral cavity

58
Q

where does chorda tympani n run?

A

between malleus and incus

59
Q

what does chorda tympani n communicate between?

A

arch 1 & arch 2 structures

60
Q

where is otic ganglion located re: foramen?

A

at opening of foramen ovale

61
Q

where is parotid gland

A
62
Q

what innervates parotid gland?

A

lesser petrosal n > otic ganglion > distributed by auriculotemporal branches > parotid gland

63
Q

cause of gustatory sweating?

A

if auriculotemporal n damaged, or hwen have infection or parotid removed

64
Q

what happens if parotid gland is removed?

A

whereas normally, sympathetics > sweat glands and parasympathetics > parotid, if remove parotid, get parasympathetics > sweat glands that normally don’t so when chew, get sweating on side of parotid removal, rather than parotid activity

Structures: Part Deux (36 decks)

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