LEC 3 - Ear Infections Flashcards
Mild facial pruritus excoriation in Feline
Non-infectious differentials =
Hypersensitivity
Neoplasia
Mild facial pruritus excoriation in Feline
Infectious differentials =
FeLV/FIV
Parasites
What samples would you collect in a feline with mild facial pruritus excoriation?
Swab/impression smears
Skin scrapings + Biopsies
Blood
What diagnostic tests should be ran in a feline with mild facial pruritus excoriation?
FeLV/FIV test
Cytology/Histology
Chest Radiographs
What yeasts are commonly seen in ear infections?
Cryptococcus
Malassezia
Candida
What is the species of Cryptococcus commonly involved in ear infections?
Gattii
What are the subtypes of C. Gattii?
VGI to IV
Location of: VGI
Australia
Location of: VGII
Northwest
Location of: VGIII
South California
What is the general structure of C. Gattii in vivo?
Asexual, haploid state
What is the general structure of C. Gattii ex vivo?
Sexual, diploid
Hyphae present!
What animal is responsible for spreading C. Gattii?
Bird
Where are the spores from C. Gattii found?
Creatine in bird droppings
What is the ranking in regards to severity to animals affected by C. Gattii?
Cats > Dogs > Horses
What happens to ~
Dissemination to CNS + Skin + Bone
By what method does C. Gattii infect animals?
Inhalation/Colonization of respiratory tract
What are the three virulence factors in C. Gattii?
Calcineurin + Melanin + Capsule
Function of ___ in C. Gatti: Calcineurin
Temperature optimization
Function of ___ in C. Gatti: Melanin
Protection from oxidative damage
Function of ___ in C. Gatti: Capsule
Immune evasion, stability
Clinical signs of C. Gatti in: Cats
Nasal swelling
Granulomas
CNS signs
Clinical signs of C. Gatti in: Dogs
CNS
Respiratory
Clinical signs of C. Gatti in: Horses
Respiratory
What type of fungal culture is used to grow C. Gattii?
Bird seed agar
What serological test is ran for C. Gattii?
Latex aggluntination
What is the treatment for C. Gattii?
Long-term antifungals - azoles + amphotericin B
What is the species of Malassezia that contributes to ear infections?
M. Pachydermatitis
What two skin infections can be caused by M. Pachydermatitis?
Canine otitis externa
– or –
Canine seborrheic dermatitis
What are the predisposing factors to Canine otitis externa?
Aural microclimate Diet Metabolic/endocrine health Breed Immune disorder
What three bacteria commonly cause canine otitis externa?
Pseudomonas
Otodectes
Staph intermedius
What are the three virulence factors that M. Pachydermatitis has?
Lipase
Zymogens
Proteases
Function of ____ in M. Pachydermatitis: Lipases
Can trigger seborrhea
Function of ____ in M. Pachydermatitis: Zymogens
Activates complement
What diagnostics are done on M. Pachydermatitis?
Impression smears, cytology
Bacterial culture - will see hyphae
What treatment can be used in M. Pachydermatitis, topically?
Chlorhexadine
– or –
Diluted vinegar
What treatment can be used in M. Pachydermatitis, systemically?
-“azoles”
What system does Candida albicans target?
GI
Symptoms of C. Albicans: Small animals
Mycotic stomatitis
Enteritis
Symptoms of C. Albicans: Large Animals
Rumenitis
Enteritis
Symptoms of C. Albicans: Poultry
Thrush
Cloacal infections
What are the five virulence factors in C. Albicans?
Surface integrin-like molecules Fibrinogen Complement-binding factors Proteases Phospholipases
What is used to diagnose C. Albicans?
Histology
Culture
Serum
What is seen in serum if C. Albicans is present?
Germ tubes
What type of culture is used to grow C. Albicans?
Sab. Dextrose
What treatment is used to treat C. Albicans?
Systemic - “-azoles”
