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Fungal/Virology > LEC 3 - Ear Infections > Flashcards

LEC 3 - Ear Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Mild facial pruritus excoriation in Feline

Non-infectious differentials =

A

Hypersensitivity

Neoplasia

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2
Q

Mild facial pruritus excoriation in Feline

Infectious differentials =

A

FeLV/FIV

Parasites

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3
Q

What samples would you collect in a feline with mild facial pruritus excoriation?

A

Swab/impression smears
Skin scrapings + Biopsies
Blood

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4
Q

What diagnostic tests should be ran in a feline with mild facial pruritus excoriation?

A

FeLV/FIV test
Cytology/Histology
Chest Radiographs

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5
Q

What yeasts are commonly seen in ear infections?

A

Cryptococcus
Malassezia
Candida

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6
Q

What is the species of Cryptococcus commonly involved in ear infections?

A

Gattii

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7
Q

What are the subtypes of C. Gattii?

A

VGI to IV

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8
Q

Location of: VGI

A

Australia

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9
Q

Location of: VGII

A

Northwest

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10
Q

Location of: VGIII

A

South California

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11
Q

What is the general structure of C. Gattii in vivo?

A

Asexual, haploid state

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12
Q

What is the general structure of C. Gattii ex vivo?

A

Sexual, diploid

Hyphae present!

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13
Q

What animal is responsible for spreading C. Gattii?

A

Bird

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14
Q

Where are the spores from C. Gattii found?

A

Creatine in bird droppings

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15
Q

What is the ranking in regards to severity to animals affected by C. Gattii?

A

Cats > Dogs > Horses

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16
Q

What happens to ~

A

Dissemination to CNS + Skin + Bone

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17
Q

By what method does C. Gattii infect animals?

A

Inhalation/Colonization of respiratory tract

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18
Q

What are the three virulence factors in C. Gattii?

A

Calcineurin + Melanin + Capsule

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19
Q

Function of ___ in C. Gatti: Calcineurin

A

Temperature optimization

20
Q

Function of ___ in C. Gatti: Melanin

A

Protection from oxidative damage

21
Q

Function of ___ in C. Gatti: Capsule

A

Immune evasion, stability

22
Q

Clinical signs of C. Gatti in: Cats

A

Nasal swelling
Granulomas
CNS signs

23
Q

Clinical signs of C. Gatti in: Dogs

A

CNS

Respiratory

24
Q

Clinical signs of C. Gatti in: Horses

A

Respiratory

25
Q

What type of fungal culture is used to grow C. Gattii?

A

Bird seed agar

26
Q

What serological test is ran for C. Gattii?

A

Latex aggluntination

27
Q

What is the treatment for C. Gattii?

A

Long-term antifungals - azoles + amphotericin B

28
Q

What is the species of Malassezia that contributes to ear infections?

A

M. Pachydermatitis

29
Q

What two skin infections can be caused by M. Pachydermatitis?

A

Canine otitis externa
– or –
Canine seborrheic dermatitis

30
Q

What are the predisposing factors to Canine otitis externa?

A 
Aural microclimate 
Diet 
Metabolic/endocrine health 
Breed 
Immune disorder
31
Q

What three bacteria commonly cause canine otitis externa?

A

Pseudomonas
Otodectes
Staph intermedius

32
Q

What are the three virulence factors that M. Pachydermatitis has?

A

Lipase
Zymogens
Proteases

33
Q

Function of ____ in M. Pachydermatitis: Lipases

A

Can trigger seborrhea

34
Q

Function of ____ in M. Pachydermatitis: Zymogens

A

Activates complement

35
Q

What diagnostics are done on M. Pachydermatitis?

A

Impression smears, cytology

Bacterial culture - will see hyphae

36
Q

What treatment can be used in M. Pachydermatitis, topically?

A

Chlorhexadine
– or –
Diluted vinegar

37
Q

What treatment can be used in M. Pachydermatitis, systemically?

A

-“azoles”

38
Q

What system does Candida albicans target?

A

GI

39
Q

Symptoms of C. Albicans: Small animals

A

Mycotic stomatitis

Enteritis

40
Q

Symptoms of C. Albicans: Large Animals

A

Rumenitis

Enteritis

41
Q

Symptoms of C. Albicans: Poultry

A

Thrush

Cloacal infections

42
Q

What are the five virulence factors in C. Albicans?

A 
Surface integrin-like molecules 
Fibrinogen 
Complement-binding factors 
Proteases 
Phospholipases
43
Q

What is used to diagnose C. Albicans?

A

Histology
Culture
Serum

44
Q

What is seen in serum if C. Albicans is present?

A

Germ tubes

45
Q

What type of culture is used to grow C. Albicans?

A

Sab. Dextrose

46
Q

What treatment is used to treat C. Albicans?

A

Systemic - “-azoles”

Fungal/Virology (26 decks)

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