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Fungal/Virology > LEC 12 - Herpesvirus II + Adenovirus > Flashcards

LEC 12 - Herpesvirus II + Adenovirus Flashcards

1
Q

What does suid herpesvirus 1 cuase?

A

Aujeszky’s disease

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2
Q

What animals does SHV-1 infect?

A

Pigs

Horse + Cattle + Sheep + Dogs + Cats + Wild animals

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of transmission for SHV-1?

A

Nose-to-nose contact

Saliva, nasal discharge

Airborne routes

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4
Q

Who are reservoirs for SHV-1?

A

Domestic + Feral swine

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5
Q

Where in the body does SHV-1 first replicate?

A

Oropharynx

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6
Q

Once SHV-1 has replicated in the oropharynx, where does it spread?

A

CNS

Leads to ganglioneuritis

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7
Q

What does SHV-1 cause in secondary hosts?

A

Pruritis

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8
Q

What does SHV-1 cuase in pregnant sows?

A

Abortion

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9
Q

What does SHV-1 cause in piglets?

A

High mortality

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10
Q

What does SHV-1 cause in older pigs?

A

Low mortality

High morbidity

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11
Q

What type of diease is SHV-1 considered by the US?

A

Exotic disease

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12
Q

How is control carried out to prevent a SHV-1 outbreak?

A

Quarantine

Add only seronegative stock

Exclude secondary host animals

All in/All out production system - with disinfection

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13
Q

What does porcine cytomegalovirus cuase in pregnant sows?

A

Delivery of dead, mummified or weak piglets

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14
Q

How can PCMV be diagnosed?

A

ELISA of serum

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15
Q

What are good ways to control a PCMV outbreak?

A

Good environmental conditions

Minimize stress

Acclimate new breeding stock to herd

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16
Q

What does FHV-1 cause in cats?

A

Upper respiratory tract infection

Feline rhinotracheitis

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of Feline rhinotracheitis?

A

Sneezing

Coughing

Fever

Porfuse Nasal/ocular discharge

Keratitis

Anorexia

Weight loss

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18
Q

When is it most common to see a FHV-1 infection?

A

First year of life

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19
Q

What does a FHV-1 infection resemble?

A

Feline calicivirus

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20
Q

What is the mechanism of transmission with FHV-1?

A

Direct contact

Fomites

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21
Q

What medication can cause FHV-1 to reactivate?

A

Steroid therapy

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22
Q

How can FHV-1 be diagnosed?

A

ELISA

PCR

Immunofluorescent staining

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23
Q

Why must you be careful in interupting FHV-1 postiive PCRS?

A

Test is very sensitive

Subject ot confounding by low level virus release in clinical latency

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24
Q

What can help increase your cofidence in a positive PCR test?

A

high virus levels in nasal secretions or tears

with clinical signs

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25
Q

What does CHV-1 cause in puppies?

A

Generalized hemorrhagic disease

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26
Q

How is CHV-1 transmitted?

A

STI

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27
Q

Where does the CHV-1 replicate best in the body?

A

Places with low temperatures

Gential + Upper respiratory tracts

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28
Q

What does a necropsy reveal in a dog that has died of CHV-1?

A

Fluid infiltration into lungs + abdomen

Hemorrhage in kidneys + liver + lungs

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29
Q

What is the CHV-1 therapy?

A

Supportive

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30
Q

What is the genomic structure of adenoviruses?

31
Q

What cell type does adenoviruses prefer?

A

Epithelial cells

32
Q

What types of infections does adenoviruses cause?

A

Lytic

Latent

Persistent

33
Q

What is the structure of adenoviruses?

A

Non-enveloped

Environmentally persistant

Capsids ahve obvious hexagonal outline

34
Q

What occurs in the early phase of adenovirus replication?

A

Prevent host cell apoptosis or premature death

Allow DNA synthesis

Activate other viral genes

35
Q

What occurs in late phase replication of adenoviruses?

A

MLP begins expression of late genes composing of virus structure + factors needed for assembly

36
Q

When does the late phase of adenovirus replication begin?

A

Commences after DNA replication is ready to start

37
Q

What adenovirus early gene products affect host cell tumor supression genes?

A

E1A

– and –

E1B

38
Q

What happens once E1A + E1B carry out their function?

A

Host is driven into unscheduled S phase to allow for DNA synthesis

39
Q

What mechanism does adenovirrus cause?

A

Malignant transformation

40
Q

What do viral E3 proteins do?

A

Inhibit MHC antigen transport

Block TNF receptor internalization

Inhibit NFkB transcription activity

41
Q

What happens when E3 proteins inhibit MHC antigen transport?

A

Prevent infected cells from being recognized by cutotoxic T cells and natural killer cells

42
Q

What happens when E3 proteins block TNF receptor internalization?

A

Halts apoptosis signaling

43
Q

What happens when E3 protein inhibits NFkB transcription?

A

Decreases inflammatory response

44
Q

What does canine adenovirus 1 cause?

A

Infectious canine hepatitis

possibly - respiratory or eye diease

45
Q

What are the three clincal syndromes seen with CAV-1?

A

Peracute

Acute

Mild form

46
Q

What happens with the peracute form of CAV-1?

A

Death after no or very short illness

47
Q

What occurs with the acute form of CAV-1?

A

Fever

Vomiting

Bloody diarrhea

Petechial hemorrhage of gums

Pale, mucous membranes

Jaundice

48
Q

What are the clincal symtoms of CAV-1 ?

A

Fever

Apathy

Anorexia

Conjunctivitis

Petechiae of oral mucosa

Prolonged clotting time

Corneal opacity after acute disease remission

49
Q

What routes does the intial infection occur by?

A

Nasopharyngeal

Oral/Conjunctival routes

50
Q

Where does the inital replication of CAV-1 occur in the body?

A

Tonsils

Lymphatic spread

then to blood stream

51
Q

What happens once CAV-1 becomes viremic?

A

Extensive destruction of hepatocytes in liver disease

52
Q

Who does CAV-1 most infect?

A

Young dogs

Un-vaccinated animals

53
Q

How does the CAV-1 virus spread?

A

Saliva

Feces

Urine

Fomites

54
Q

How is CAV-1 diagnosed?

A

Virus isolation

Serology by ELISA

PCR

55
Q

Where can the CAV-1 virus be isolated from even after symptoms go away?

56
Q

What is a good retrospective sign of a past CAV-1 infection?

A

Blue cornea

57
Q

What does CAV-2 cause?

A

Canine cough complex

Confined to respiratory tract - bronchitis + bronchiolitis

58
Q

What vaccine is used to protect against CAV?

A

CAV-2

there is cross reaction and it will also protect against CAV-1

59
Q

Why is it best not to use a vaccine with attenuated CAV-1?

A

Produce corneal bluing response

60
Q

What is seen with the egg drop syndrome?

A

Soft-shelled eggs

– or –

Completely shell-less eggs

61
Q

What causes egg drop syndrome?

A

Duck adenovirus 1

62
Q

What caused chickens to become infected with DAV-1?

A

Contaminated vaccine produced in duck cells

63
Q

What chickens are susceptible to a DAV-1 infection?

A

All ages + breeds

64
Q

What are the three patterns of infection of DAV-1?

A

Classical

Endemic

Sporadic

65
Q

Describe: Classical DAV-1 infection

A

Primary breeding stock infected

Virus passed through egg

Remains latent until bird reaches sexual maturity

66
Q

Describe: Endemic DAV-1 infection

A

Horizontal infection of flock during lay

Commercial operations

67
Q

Describe: Sporadic CAV-1 infections

A

Contact with ducks or geese

OR

Water contaminated with wildfowl droppings

68
Q

What is the first sign of DAV-1 infection?

A

Pale eggs with soft shell

Production decreases by up to 40%

69
Q

What assay can be done to detect DAV-1?

A

Hemagglutinating acitivity

70
Q

How can the virus be transmitted through the flock?

A

Bleeding or vaccination needles

71
Q

How does horizontal spread occur with DAV-1?

A

Contaminated eggs, equipment, + personnel

72
Q

What is the treatment for DAV-1?

73
Q

When are vaccines given for DAV-1?

A

During growing pahse

inactivated vaccines

Fungal/Virology (26 decks)

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