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Fungal/Virology > LEC 16 - Retrovirals II > Flashcards

LEC 16 - Retrovirals II Flashcards

1
Q

ALV - Envelope proteins

A

gp 85+ 37

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2
Q

ALV - Capsid proteins

A

p27

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3
Q

ALV - Enzymes

A

RT

Integrase

Protease

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4
Q

ALV subgroups that infect chickens?

A

A to E + J

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5
Q

What does ALV cause in chickens?

A

Leukosis

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6
Q

What types of leukosis are seen with an ALV infection?

A

Lymphoid (most common)

Erythroud

Myeloid

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7
Q

What are the three common tumor types that are seen with ALV infections?

A

Fibrosarcomas

Hemangiosarcomas

Nephroblastomas

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8
Q

What methods is ALV transmitted?

A

Horizontally

Vertically

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9
Q

How is ALV transmitted vertically?

A

Hen shed virus to albumen + yolk

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10
Q

What happens to chickens that are infected in the egg?

A

Do not produce neutralizing antibodies

Remain viremic for life

Increased risk of neoplasms

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11
Q

How is ALV transmitted horizontally?

A

Shed in saliva + feces

Close contact

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12
Q

How are baby chickens protected from ALV?

A

Hen can pass antibodies to virus to the yolk sac

Provides passive immunity

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13
Q

What causes cancer to form in ALV infections?

A

Proviral insertion into B cells close to c-myc gene

= B cell transformation

Lymphoid leukosis

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14
Q

What is lymphoid leukosis?

A

A clonal malignancy of B cells

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15
Q

Where does B cell transformation occur with ALV infections?

A

In the intact bursa 4 to 8 weeks after infection

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16
Q

When is there an enhanced lyphoid leukosis?

A

Chickens coinfected with Marek’s disease

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17
Q

How does subclinical ALV infections present?

A

Depressed egg production

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18
Q

What clinical symptoms are seen with ALV infections?

A

Loss of appetite

Weakness

Diarrhea

Dehydration

Emaciation

Enlarged bursa + liver

Pale wattles

Osteopetrosis

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19
Q

Where are nodular tumors commonly seen with ALV infections?

A

Liver

Spleen

Bursa

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20
Q

What occurs secondary to B cell infection of ALV?

A

Immunocompromise

Respiratory disease

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21
Q

BLV - Envelope proteins

A

gp 51 + 30

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22
Q

BLV - Capsid proteins

A

p24

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23
Q

What ensymes are present in BLV?

A

RT

Integrase

Protease

tax

rex

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24
Q

What is the importance of tax + rex?

A

Essential for oncogenesis

Interact with cell cycle regulatory factors result in cell cylce dysregulation + transformation

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25
Q

Who are the common hosts of BLV?

A

Cattle

Dairy > Beef

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26
Q

Disease caused by BLV

A

Enzootic bovine leukosis

aka B cell lymphosarcoma

27
Q

What is the most commone age range to be infected with BLV?

A

6 months to 3 years

28
Q

How is BLV transmitted?

A

Horizontal

Vertical

29
Q

What method of transmission is most common with BLV?

A

Horizontal

30
Q

How does horizontal transmission occur with BLV?

A

Transfer of blood containing infected lymphocytes

Biting flies is a possiblity though not 100% sure at this point

31
Q

How does vertical transmission of BLV occur?

A

Transplacentally

Or maybe through colostrum

32
Q

How long does the maternal antibodies protect the calf from BLV infections?

33
Q

How long does the BLV infection last?

34
Q

What is the clinical manesfestation of BLV?

A

Most are subclinical w/ persistant lymphocytosis

Clinical disease = Enlarged LN + GI problems + Decreased appetitie + wt. loss

35
Q

What cancer is most common with BLV? What is the rate of occurance?

A

5 to 10%

Lymphosarcoma

36
Q

What are the four disease stages seen with BLV infections?

A

Primary

Persistant infection

Persistant lymphocytosis

Tumoral

37
Q

Describe primary infection of BLV

A

Infection of B cells

Flu-like symptoms

38
Q

Describe persistant infection of BLV

A

Replication of B cells via active immune response

Immune dysregulation

Most subclincal, with no outward signs of infection

39
Q

What is the immune system dysregulation seen with persistant infection of BLV?

A

Overexpression of cytokines

40
Q

Describe persistent lymphocytosis infection of BLV?

A

Continued increased in lymphocytes

Increase in opportunistic infections

Decrease in milk production

41
Q

Describe tumoral infection of BLV

A

Transformation of B cells

Leads to lymphosarcoma

eventually leading to death

42
Q

JSRV aka …

A

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma

43
Q

JSRV - Envelope protein

44
Q

JRSV - Enzymes

A

RT

Integrase

Protease

45
Q

Host of JRSV?

46
Q

How is JSRV transmitted?

A

***occurs before clinical symptoms are seen

Inhalation of aerosolized respiratory secretions

(Also via colostrum + milk)

47
Q

How long is the incubation period for JSRV?

A

months to years

Longer in older animals

48
Q

Where are the tumors normally located that are related to JSRV infections?

A

Lungs

Associated lymph tissue

49
Q

What are the clinical signs of OPA?

A

Progressive emaciation

Loss of appetite

Weight loss

Frothy nasal exudate

Respiratory compromise

Severe dyspnea

50
Q

What is the target cell of JRSV?

A

type II alveolar cells

Non-cilatated bronchial cells

51
Q

What is responsible for inducing cellular transformation in JSRV?

A

Viral envelope proteins

52
Q

What happens once there is cellular transformation in JSRV in regards to clinical symtpoms?

A

Excess surfactant produced by cancerous cells = increase in pulmonary fluid

Tumor + Necrossis = secondary infections

53
Q

MVV related disease

A

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia

54
Q

Symptoms of MVV infection

A

Wasting

Respiratory distress

Mastitis

Secondary infections

55
Q

Common age where MVV infections are seen

A

4+ years of age

56
Q

How is MVV transmitted?

A

Pulmonary exudate

Colostrum

Milk

57
Q

What cell type does MVV target?

A

Mononuclear WBC’s

  1. Lymphocytes
  2. Monocytes
  3. Macrophages
58
Q

What happens when WBC’s are infected by MVV?

A

Lymphoproliferative lesions w/ mononuclear cell infiltration and strong immune response

59
Q

Where are lesions seen with MVV infections?

A

Lungs

Mammary glands

Synovial membranes

Brain

60
Q

CAEV related disease….

A

Chronic arthritis

61
Q

What symptoms are seen with CAEV?

A

Progressive paresis

Pneumonia

Mastitis

Weight loss

62
Q

How is CAEV transmitted?

A

Colostrum + Milk

63
Q

What is the target cell type of CAEV?

A

Monocytes

Macrophages

= lymphoproliferative lesions

64
Q

What are the diagnostics for these viruses?

A

ELISA

IFA

AGID

PCR - viral genes

HIstological examination of tumors

Fungal/Virology (26 decks)

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