LEC 1 - Fungal Structure Flashcards
Term: Mycotoxicosis
Certain fungi contaminate food + produce toxins
What are the 3 main phyla of fungi that have important to vet medicine?
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Zygomycota
What type of -“yote” is fungus?
Eukaryotes
What are the two basic morphologies of fungus?
Yeast
– and –
Mold
Describe: Yeast
Round to oval cell
+/- budding
Describe: Mold
Filamentous, multicellular body
What is predominant sterol in the cellular membrane of a fungus?
Ergosterol
If ergosterol is not present what type of sterol is present?
Zymosterol
What two antibiotics mainly target ergosterol?
Amphotericin B
– and–
Azoles
What is the main three structures in the hyphal wall?
Chitin
Glycan
Mannan
Term: Chitin
Polysaccharide that give rigidity to the cell wall
What is thermal dimorphic conversion?
Depending on the temperature fungus can take the form of a mold or a yeast
What temp does it need to be for a dimorphic fungus to be a yeast?
37 degrees C
What temp does it need to be for a dimorphic fungus to be a mold?
25 degrees C
What type of fungus is known as a polymorphic fungus?
Candida albicans
What are three possible morphologies that a yeast can take?
Capsule
Germ tube
Pseudohypha
Term: Germ tubes
Elongated appendages that develop into hyphae
= virulence factors
What makes a germ tube a virulence factor?
Adhesive/Invasive
Secrete proteinases
What fungus is known for being encapsulated?
Cryptococcus
Describe: Hyphae
Long filament or strand of cells
+/- septa
Non-septate fungus
Rhizopus
– and –
Mucor
Septate fungus
Aspergillus
Define: Mycelium
Mat of hyphae
What are the two asexual spore types?
Sporangiospores
– and –
Conidiospores
Define: Sproangiophore
Sporangium stalk
Where are sporaingiospores kept/held?
Within the sac OR sporangium
What three fungus make sporangiospores?
Aspergillus
Mucor
Rhizopus
Describe: Conidium
Open, not enclosed in a sac
Define: Conidiophore
Hyphal branch w/ conidia
What are the three types of conidia?
Arthroconidium
Blastoconidia
Chlamydoconidium
Describe: Arthroconidium
Fragmented hyphae
Describe: Blastocondia
Budding yeast
Describe: Chlamydoconidium
Survivability function in environment
What are the two types of dermaphytes?
Microconidium
– and –
Macroconidium
Strain: Microconidium
Trichophyton
Strain: Macrocondium
Microsporum
What are the three ways that fungal diseases are characterized?
Granuloma
Hypersensitivites
Mycotoxicosis
Which two disease characterizations are NOT mycoses?
Hypersensitivities
– and –
Mycotoxicoses
What causes mycoses with granulomas?
Necrosis + Abscess formation
What are the four types of mycoses?
Systemic
Superficial
Subcutaneous
Opportunistics
Fungal Type Responsible: Systemic
Coccidiodomycosis
Fungal Type Responsible: Superficial
Ringworms
Dermatophytes
Fungal Type Responsible: Subcutaneous
Sporotrichosis
Mycetoma
Fungal Type Responsible: Opportunistic
Mucocutaneous candidiasis
– and –
Cryptococcosis
What conditions do fungus tend to like to be grown in?
High osmotic conditions Acidic environments (
