LEC 18 - Distemper + PI3 Flashcards
What is seen upon PE in a dog with distemper?
Blepharendema + blepharitis
Preputial edema
Fever
Enlarged LN
What is the diagnostic plan for a dog with distemper?
CBC
Chemistry panel
U/A
LN aspirattion
Chest rads
What is seen increased on a CBC in a dog with distemper?
INcrease Neutrophils
Increased monocytes
Increased nucleated cells
What is the general thing seen upon cytology of a dog with distemper?
Supprative inflammation
What are the differential diagnosis for a dog with distemper?
Autoimmune
Infectious - Staph + Pseudomonas
Leshmania
Rickettsia
Idiopathic
What testing can be done for distemper?
Swab
Serology
Culture/Sensitivity
Anti-nuclear testing (Autoimmune)
What is the genomic structure of CDV?
ssRNA (-)
Enveloped
No segments
What does it mean when an ssRNA virus is not segmented?
No recombination can occur
Where does CDV replicate in the cell?
Cytoplasm
What are the other distempers in the environment?
Measles
Rinderpest
Phocine distemper virus
Cetacean morbilliviurs
Nipah virus
What species are infected by CDV?
Canidae
Felidae
Ursidae
Mustilidae
Procyonidae
What is seen in big cats with CDV infections?
Grand mal seizures
Myoclonus
How is it thought that CDV was introduced into the serengeti?
Via Domestic dogs
Where does CDV enter the body?
Respiratory epithelieum
Where does initial CDV replication occur?
Epithelial Macrophages
How does CDV move throughout the body?
Migrate to draining LN
Primary viremia
Secondary viremia
CNS penetration
What occurs with primary viremia in CDV?
Replication in lymph organs
Fever
Lymphopenia
What occurs with secondary viremia in CDV?
Disseminates to epithelial tissues
GI + UT + Respiratory
Where does CDV tend to infect in the brain?
Grey matter
How does CDV shed?
In all body secretions
Where does CDV persist in the body?
Uveal tissues
Neurons
INtegument
What is seen with CDV upper respiratory infections?
Mucopurulent discharge
Dry/productive cough
What is seen with lower respiratory tract infections with CDV?
Interstital lung pattern - early on
alveolar with secondary bronchopneumonia - late
What symptoms are seen when grey matter is infected with CDV?
Seizures
Stupor
Atazia
What symptoms are seen when the white matter is infected wioth CDV?
Multifocal, cerebellar-vestibular ataxia
UMN/GP signs
What are the clincal signs seen with CDV that are not respiratory or neuro?
Enamel hypoplasia
Hypertrophic keratropathy
Metaphyseal osteosclerosis
What is seen grossly with a CDV infection?
Thymic atrophy
Bronchopneumonia
ENteritis
Lymphoid necrosis
Intersitial pneumonia
What is seen histologically with CDV infection?
Both cytoplasmic/IN inclusion bodies
Esoinophilic
What is the tranimission route of CDV?
Aerosol - body fluids (respiratory + urine)
Fecal/oral
What are the clincal signs in puppies that were infected with CDV transplacentally?
Enamel hypoplasia
Cardiomyopathy
Increased risk of CNS
How long does it take to see signs if a puppy was infected with CDV transplacentally?
4 to 6 weeks of age
What happens in old dogs that have been previously infected with CDV?
Old Dog Encephalitis
What five tests can be done to test for CDV?
FA
rt-PCR
Blood smear
Antibody tests
Virus isolation
When is viral isolation good to use for CDV diagnosis?
Neonates,
Determines vaccinal vs. natural infection
Which CDV test is the most sensitive?
rt-PCR
Which CDV test is the go to test first?
FA
What cell types are inclusion bodies seen in?
Macrophages
RBC’s
What does CDV FA testing require?
Active infection
What is used for a CDV FA?
Conjunctival swab
Preputial swab
Impression of - Brain + Bladder + Lung + Footpad
What is required for rt-PCR CDV test?
Presence of viral particle
What can be used for a CDV rt-PCR?
Tissue - fresh or frozen
Whole blood + CSF + Urine
What is the treatment for CDV?
Supprotive
Treat secondary bacterial ifnections
What is seen upon necropsy in cattle with respiratory disease complex?
Severe Crainial ventral pneumonia
Affected tissue is firm
Minor fibrin deposits
What are the four most common viruses in the respiratory disease complex?
BVDV
PI3
BRSV
IBR
How do the majority of PI3 cases present?
Subclinical
What is the pathogenesis of PI3?
Infection of ciliated epi cells + Alveolar cells + Macrophages
Loss of muciliary apparatus
Secondary bacterial infections
What is the pathogensis of BRSV?
Replication in ciliated epi
Necrotizing bronchiolitis
Host response enhances pathology
Persistant infection
What is seen upon histological examination of BRSV?
Syncytial formation in type 2 pneumocytes
What is the method of prevention in PI3 + BRSV?
Address the environmental + stress concerns
Identify disease
Vaccines
What is the homolog to BRDC in small animals?
Kennel cough
What are the differientials for kennel cough?
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Mycoplasma
Canine adenovirus
Canine parainfluenza
How is canine parainfluenza diagnosed?
Clincal history
What is the treatment for canine parainfluenza?
Palliative
Symptomatic
What is the respiratory disease in chickens?
Newcastle disease virus
What symptoms are seen with new castle disease?
Acute respiratory disease
CNS signs
Diarrhea
What are the three virulent groups of Newcastle?
Virulent
Moderately
Low
Describe Moderately virulent newcastle
Mesogenic
Describe virulent newcastle
Velogenic
Describe low viruent Newcastle
Lentogenic
What is seen upon necropsy of an animal with Newcastle?
Petichiae or hemorrhage +/- necrosis
Thymic edema
Respiratory congestion + mucoid exudates
