LE1 - Histology (2025) Flashcards by

A reversible process that transformed epithelial tissue into another type:
A. Anaplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Neoplasia
D. Dysplasia

Metaplasia

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Which one is not true regarding an endocrine gland?
A. Multicellular
B. Vascular
C. Ductless
D. Secretes hormones

Multicellular

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Which gland involves disruption of a cell after filling it with its secretory product?
A. Merocrine
B. Endocrine
C. Holocrine
D. Apocrine

Holocrine

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Phospholipids are most stable when they form a double or bilayer by:
A. The hydrophobic fatty acid chains located in a middle region away from water and the hydrophilic polar head groups contacting the water
B. None of the above
C. The hydrophobic polar head group located in a middle region away from water and the hydrophilic fatty acid chain groups contacting the water
D. The hydrophilic fatty acid chains located in a middle region away from water and the hydrophobic polar head groups contacting the water

The hydrophobic fatty acid chains located in a middle region away from water and the hydrophilic polar head groups contacting the water

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Seen as a short or long fingerlike cytoplasmic projections in the lining epithelium of the small intestines:
A. Flagella
B. Stereocilia
C. Cilia
D. Microvillus

Microvillus

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Which secretory portion of an exocrine gland is round or globular?
A. Tubular
B. Compound
C. Simple
D. Acinar

Acinar

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This digests large molecules
A. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
B. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Lysosome
D. Cytoskeleton
E. Golgi Apparatus

Lysosome

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This type of connective tissue has a higher ratio of cells and fibers to matrix:
A. subserosa
B. lamina propria
C. umbilical cord
D. Aponeurosis

Aponeurosis

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The transport in epithelial tissue in opposite direction to expel water from the interstitial fluid into specialized aqueous fluid is:
A. Secretion
B. Diffusion
C. Absorption
D. Active transport

Secretion

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10.This is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and makes a copy of its DNA
A. Prophase
B. Mitosis
C. Interphase
D. Metaphase

Interphase

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11.The ff are classified as Hyaline Cartilage EXCEPT
A. Costal region
B. Thyroid
C. Articular
D. Pinna

Pinna

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12.This fiber has the unique ability to turn black when it absorbs metallic silver:
A. glycosaminoglycan
B. reticular fiber
C. proteoglycan
D. elastic fiber

reticular fiber

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13.This synthesizes lipids and forms transport vesicles
A. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
B. Golgi Apparatus
C. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
D. Lysosome
E. Cytoskeleton

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Type of cartilage present in growing epiphyses
A. Fibrous
B. Elastic
C. Articular
D. Hyaline

Hyaline

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These cells are responsible for anaphylactic reactions when they release histamine:
A. neutrophil
B. mast cell
C. lymphocyte
D. Macrophage

mast cell

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Which zone of endochondral ossification contains largest cells?
Zone of:
A. Resting
B. Calcification
C. Hypertrophy
D. Ossification
E. Proliferation

Hypertrophy

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17.This mast cell secretory product induces a prolonged constriction of smooth muscles in the pulmonary airways:
A. leukotrienes
B. histamine
C. heparin
D. Tryptase

leukotrienes

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Which zone of secondary ossification in growing femur is closer to the knee?
A. Resting
B. Hypertrophy
C. Ossification
D. Calcified Cartilage

C. Ossification

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19.Which of the ff occupies a Howship’s lacunae
A. Chondroblasts
B. Chondrocytes
C. Osteoclasts
D. Osteocytes

Osteoclasts

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20.This collagen fiber type functions to physically support the epithelium:
A. Type I
B. Type Il
C. Type IlI
D. Type IV

Type IV

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Which feature is typical of Elastic cartilage
A. Presence of elastic fibers and collagen fibrils
B. Primary skeleton found in the fetus
C. Most widely distributed cart in body
D. Found in Intervertebral discs

Presence of elastic fibers and collagen fibrils

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22.The release of lipid droplets from cells is which type of secretion?
A. Mucous
B. Merocrine
C. Serous
D. Apocrine

Apocrine

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Which statement is true about bone collar?
A. Formed close to BM Cavity
B. Formed during primary bone formation
C. Formed in secondary ossification
D. Formed in primary ossification

Formed during primary bone formation

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24.Identify which of the following features of the exocrine gland is NOT true:
A. Exocrine gland with repeated branching pattern of the ducts is a compound exocrine gland
B. Multicellular glands has a secretory portion to secrete a product into the gland
C. Flask shaped glands are called acinar or alveolar glands
D. Unicellular exocrine glands has a ductal portion to secrete secretion to the gland

Unicellular exocrine glands has a ductal portion to secrete secretion to the gland

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25. This epithelium contains goblet cells and ciliated cells to cleanse inspired air and transport mucus in most respiratory passages: A. Stratified cuboidal epithelium B. Pseudostratified epithelium C. Simple columnar ciliated cells D. Transitional ciliated epithelium

Pseudostratified epithelium

26.This type of connective tissue contains ground substance: A. Dense regular connective tissue B. All of the above choices are correct C. Loose connective tissue D. Dense irregular connective tissue

All of the above choices are correct

27. Basic structural unit of collagen: A. elastin B. tropocollagen C. reticulin D. Gelatin

tropocollagen

28.What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle? A. The cell grows more, makes proteins and organelles, and begins to reorganize its contents in preparation for mitosis B. The cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus C. There is a production of two new daughter cells D. The cell grows larger and organelles are copied

The cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus

29.This contains three types of macromolecular fibers namely: actin, intermediate filaments and microtubules A. Cytoskeleton B. Golgi Apparatus C. Lysosome D. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum E. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cytoskeleton

30.Which impedes nutrient & O2 distribution? A. Cell processes B. Haversian C. ECM D. Periosteum

ECM

31.Choose the best statement that describes the nucleolus A. None of the above B. Its main function is DNA synthesis C. It is a densely stained structure found in the nucleus D. It is surrounded by a membrane

It is a densely stained structure found in the nucleus

32.The process in which fetal cells express sets of genes that mediate specific cytoplasmic activities, becoming very efficient in specialized functions and usually changing their shape accordingly is called: A. Cell division B. Differentiation C. Cytokinesis D. Apoptosis

Differentiation

33 .Which of the following functions of the basal lamina is NOT true? A. Serve as pathways for cell apoptosis B. Organizes the proteins in the adjacent plasma membrane C. Regulates cell proliferation and differentiation D. Structural and filtering functions

Serve as pathways for cell apoptosis

34.This refers to the process where homologous chromosomes of each pair from the parents come together. A. Cleavage B. Cell division C. Synapsis D. Cytokinesis

Synapsis

35. What distinguishes cartilage from CT A. Lacks blood vessels B. Cells divide by mitosis C. Function as mechanical support D. Matrix rich in collagen

Lacks blood vessels

36. Exocrine glands in which the acini all produce a secretion of heavily glycosylated, hydrophilic proteins are an example of which type of gland? A. Serous gland B. Tubuloacinar gland C. Mixed gland D. Mucous gland

Mucous gland

37. Identify the BEST feature of a pseudostratified cell: A. Examples are thyroid and ovary B. Transport particles out of the air passage C. Facilitates active transport by pinocytosis D. Found at the serous lining of cavities

Transport particles out of the air passage

38.Which of the features stated below does NOT characterize the endocrine glands? A. Classified functionally according to the way the secretory products leave the cell B. Endocrine glands do not have ducts for their secretory products C. Capillaries are close to secretory cells for the release of the secretory products in the bloodstream D. In the digestive organs, endocrine glands are unicellular glands

Classified functionally according to the way the secretory products leave the cell

39.This synthesizes proteins A. Lysosome B. Golgi Apparatus C. Cytoskeleton D. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum E. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

40.The epithelial lining of the respiratory tract is a derivative of which of the following? A. Ectoderm B. Endoderm C. Mesoderm D. Neuroectoderm

Endoderm

41.Which among the following is responsible for the breakdown of bone cells A. Macrophages B. Osteoblasts C. Osteoclasts D. Osteocytes

Osteoclasts

42.The cells entering Meiosis I are best described as: A. Haploid B. None of the above C. Triploid D. Diploid

Haploid

43.Refers to malignant tumours arising from epithelial cells? A. Lymphoma B. Adenoma C. Carcinoma D. Sarcoma

Carcinoma

44. An example of this vesicular transport is a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium. A. Pinocytosis B. Endocytosis C. Phagocytosis D. Exocytosis

Phagocytosis

45.This type of fiber is most abundant in the aorta: A. collagen fiber B. fibrillin C. elastic fiber D. reticular fiber

elastic fiber

46. Most accurate description of endosteum A. Continuous w/ joint capsule B. Contains mature osteocytes C. Lines medullary cavity D. Attached to bone surface by collagen bundles called sharpeys fibers

Lines medullary cavity

47.The epithelium suited to withstand increased wear and tear in moist cavities like the vagina: A. Stratified cuboidal epithelium B. Stratified columnar epithelium C. Stratified squamous epithelium D. Pseudostratified epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

48. This type of macrophage are mobilized at a site in response to a stimulus: A. dormant macrophage B. elicited macrophage C. resident macrophage D. activated macrophage

elicited macrophage

49. The most numerous cells in cartilage are A. Fibroblasts B. Chondroblasts C. Chondrocytes D. Osteocytes

Chondrocytes

50. Articular cartilage differs from other Hyaline Cartilage in A. Mesenchymal Origin B. Contains Osogenous Chond Grp C. Absence of collagen in matrix D. Lacks perichondrium

Lacks perichondrium

51.Which of the following is incorrect? A. Phospholipids contain hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions B. Phospholipids have a head which is hydrophilic C. Phospholipids are the most abundant lipids in the cell membrane D. Phospholipids have nonpolar hydrophilic regions

Phospholipids have nonpolar hydrophilic regions

52. This cyclin-cyclin dependent kinase complex targets specific phosphatases and cyclin B is involved in the G2/M checkpoint A. Cyclin A-CDK1 B. Cyclin E-CDK2 C. Cyclin D-CDK4 D. Cyclin D-CDK6

Cyclin A-CDK1

53. A defect in this enzyme can cause a storage disease called Taysach's A. Golgi Apparatus B. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Lysosome D. Cytoskeleton E. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Lysosome

54. What are the two major phases of the cell cycle? A. Interphase and Metaphase B. Interphase and meiosis C. Interphase and prophase D. Interphase and mitosis

Interphase and mitosis

55. This active transport moves substances up its concentration gradient in the same direction as Na A. Primary active transport B. Symport C. Antiport D. Secondary active transport

Symport

56. Reticular fibers are actually this type of collagen fiber: A. Type IV B. Type Il C. Type I D. Type III

Type III

57. Observed to increase in number in the circulation during parasitic infestations: A. eosinophil B. neutrophil C. basophil D. Lymphocyte

eosinophil

58. This transport process does not require expenditure of cellular energy and facilitates movement of substances down a concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached. A. Pinocytosis B. Passive transport C. Active transport D. Vesicular transport

Passive transport

59. Macrophages are cells specializing in which of the following A. Synthesis and secretion of steroids B. Lipid storage C. Intracellular digestion D. Ion transport

Intracellular digestion

60. Initial fibers seen in the development of connective tissues: A. Reticular fibers B. collagen fibers C. cotton fibers D. elastic fibers

Reticular fibers

61. The following are examples of dense regular connective tissue, EXCEPT: A. aponeurosis B. tendon C. ligament D. breast stroma

breast stroma

62.This epithelium function to give protection against tissue invasion and against water loss: A. Stratified squamous epithelium B. Transitional epithelium C. Stratified columnar epithelium D. Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

63. Malignant tumors derived from glandular epithelial tissue: A. Sarcoma B. Myoma C. Adenocarcinoma D. Carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

64. The absence of this structure during elastogenesis promotes the formation of lamellae instead of fibers: A. glycine B. desmosine C. fibrillin D. Elastin

fibrillin

65. Osteoblasts are found in A. Interstitial lamellae B. Bone marrow C. Periosteum D. LCT

Periosteum

66. Which of the following epithelium has a unique feature of not breaking the cell contacts in the epithelium? A. Pseudostratified epithelium with stereocilia B. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium C. Stratified cuboidal epithelium D. Transitional epithelium

Transitional epithelium

67. The most abundant protein in the body: A. collagen fiber B. isodesmosine C. adipose D. reticular fiber

collagen fiber

68. What is the source of mesenchymal progenitor cells that repair hyaline cartilage A. Stem cells circulating in vld B. Perichondrium C. Adjacent LCT D. Adjacent bone E. Chondrocytes on injured cartilage

Perichondrium

69. In growing epiphyses, ossification ZONES are arranged in the following order A. Resting, Proliferative, Hypertrophy B. Proliferative, Remodeling, Ossification C. Resting, Hypertrophy, Proliferative D. Hypertrophy, Resting, proliferative E. Calcified, Proliferative, Ossification

Resting, Proliferative, Hypertrophy

70.This structure contains the amino acids desmosine and isodesmosine: A. laminin B. elastin C. Microfibrils D. Fibronectin

elastin

71. Dense regular connective tissue is found in: A. breast stroma B. serous membranes C. mesenchyme D. lamina propria

breast stroma

72. This is a specialized process involving two unique and closely associated cell divisions that involves only sex cells or gametes A. Interphase B. Cell division C. Mitosis D. Meiosis

Meiosis

73. What is bone formation called when the bone is formed from a cartilage template? A. En bloc B. Intraosseous C. Intramembranous D. Endochondral

Endochondral

74. Which structure is responsible for providing nutrition in cartilage? A. Chondrocytes B. Periosteum C. Chondroblasts D. Mesenchymal cells

Periosteum

75.This is a rapid highly regulated cell activity that shrinks and eliminates defective cells A. Lysosomes B. Necrosis C. Phagocytosis D. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

76. Which one refers to membrane fusions that close the space between cells? A. Desmosomes B. Gap junction C. Anchoring junction D. Occludens

Occludens Zona Occludens = Tight Junctions Macula Adherens = Desmosomes Nexus = Gap Junctions

77. Choose the best statement that describes the nucleolus A. Its main function is DNA synthesis B. None of the above C. It is surrounded by a membrane D. It is a densely stained structure found in the nucleus

It is a densely stained structure found in the nucleus

78.Sites of protein synthesis in the cell A. Golgi apparatus B. Cytoplasm C. Ribosomes D. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

79. This modifies proteins and lipids A. Cytoskeleton B. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Golgi Apparatus D. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum E. Lysosome

Golgi Apparatus

80. All the ff are functions of Cartilage EXCEPT A. Provides low friction surface B. Support soft tissues C. Contains Bone Marrow D. Forms embryonic skeleton

Contains Bone Marrow

81.Cell of origin of fibroblasts: A. mesenchyme B. eosinophils C. ectoderm D. Monocyte

mesenchyme

82. Dense irregular connective tissue can be seen in: A. dermis B. fascia C. lamina propria D. Tendon

dermis

83. Which statement is true about osteocalcin? A. Secreted by osteoblasts B. Binds NA+ ions raising is local concentration C. Synthesis is dependent on Vit D D. Secreted by Thyroid gland E. Synthesis dependent on Vit C

Secreted by osteoblasts

84. What type of basic tissue is cartilage? A. Cartilage B. Connective tissue C. Muscle D. Nervous

Connective tissue

85. Which of the following regarding the simple cuboidal epithelium is NOT correct? A. In the stomach, these cells are secretory and produce mucus B. It covers the surface for sturdiness and protection C. It lines various ducts of glands and organs like kidneys D. Functions in transport and absorption of filtered substances

In the stomach, these cells are secretory and produce mucus

86. This fiber is known to "exhibit form birefringence" when subjected to polarized light: A. proteoglycan aggregate B. fibrillin C. dermatan sulfate D. collagen fiber

collagen fiber

87. These glycoproteins form proteoglycans, EXCEPT: A. chondroitin sulphate B. dermatan sulphate C. keratin sulphate D. hyaluronic acid

hyaluronic acid

88. Which area of Cartilage is relatively poor in collagen and rich in proteoglycan A. Interterritorial matrix B. Peripheral areas C. Territorial matrix D. Perichondrium

Territorial matrix

89. Which of the following statements are incorrect? A. The replicated chromatin condenses into discrete threadlike chromosomes during metaphase B. The sister chromatids are pulled apart and move toward opposite poles of the cell during anaphase C. The nucleolus disappears during prophase D. Late in prophase, lamins and inner nuclear membrane are phosphorylated, causing the nuclear lamina and nuclear pore complexes to disassemble and disperse in cytoplasmic membrane vesicles

Late in prophase, lamins and inner nuclear membrane are phosphorylated, causing the nuclear lamina and nuclear pore complexes to disassemble and disperse in cytoplasmic membrane vesicles

90.Which type of Collagen predominates in compact bone A. I B. IV C. Ill D. II

91.Shock absorbing property of cartilage is due to A. Binding of glycosaminoglycans to anions B. Presence of territorial matrix C. Hydration of Glycosaminoglycans D. Binding of GAG to protein cires

Hydration of Glycosaminoglycans

92. In the amino acid sequencing of collagen fibers, this amino acid follows every glycine: A. hydroxyproline B. hydroxylysine C. proline D. alanine

proline

93. Known to contain Russell bodies A. fibroblast B. mast cell C. macrophage D. plasma cell

plasma cell

94. Which of the following cellular features is used in naming types of epithelia? A. Number of cell layers B. Size of the nuclei C. Presence of a basal lamina D. Shape of cells in the basal layer

Number of cell layers

95.This type of connective tissue has a higher ratio of matrix to cells and fibers: A. Dense regular connective tissue B. All of the above C. Loose connective tissue D. Dense irregular connective tissue

Loose connective tissue

96.Which of the following is not found in the cell membrane? A. Peripheral Proteins B. Cholesterol C. Integral Proteins D. Ribosomes

Ribosomes

97. Contains myosin and actin specialized for contraction of the secretory units found in salivary glands? A. Goblet cells B. Absorptive cells C. Neuroepithelial cells D. Myoepithelial cells

Myoepithelial cells

98. Compact bone may best be described as: A. Characterized by the presence of haversian systems B. Cranial nerve bones C. Predominantly present in the Thoracic region D. Otherwise called "Cancellous Bone"

Characterized by the presence of haversian systems

99. Which of the following is the best feature of Holocrine glands? A. Release their secretion by exocytosis without any loss of cellular components B. Maybe classified as apocrine glands C. Discharge part of the secretory cell as the secretory product D. Make the cells themselves become the secretory product

Make the cells themselves become the secretory product

100. Principal cell of connective tissues: A. macrophage B. mast cell C. fibroblasts D. Adipocytes

fibroblasts

Which one is described as a long and branched apical cell processes that lines the epididymis and ductus deferens? A. Microvilli B. Stereocilia C. Cilia D. Keratin

Stereocilia