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Histology > 5th Histology Lecture Exam - Urinary System, Endocrine Glands, and Eye & Ear- Special Sense Organs 2024 > Flashcards

5th Histology Lecture Exam - Urinary System, Endocrine Glands, and Eye & Ear- Special Sense Organs 2024 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which ciliary muscle is the primary tensor of the lens?
    a. Reticular Muscle
    b. Radial Muscle
    c. Muscle of Muller
    d. Muscle of Brucke
    e. Circular Muscle
A

d. Muscle of Brucke

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2
Q
  1. What cell type secretes FSH?
    a. Corticotropic cells
    b. Thyrotropic cells
    c. Lactotropic cells
    d. Gonadotropic cells
    e. Somatotropic cells
A

d. Gonadotropic cells

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3
Q
  1. This area of the retina, at the back of the eye is devoid of roots and cones and is considered the “blind spot”
    a. Fovea
    b. Macula lutea
    c. Central area
    d. Optic nerve
    e. Optic disc
A

e. Optic disc

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4
Q
  1. Blood leaves and enters through which vessels?
    a. Afferent arteriole and interlobular vein
    b. Afferent arteriole and Efferent arteriole
    c. Renal artery and Renal vein
    d. Renal artery and Efferent arteriole
A

c. Renal artery and Renal vein

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5
Q
  1. Where in the pancreas are islets of Langerhans most numerous? a. Tail
    b. Body
    c. Depends on the individual
    d. Evenly distributed
    e. Head
A

a. Tail

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6
Q
  1. The end of each medullary pyramid through which medullary ducts open into the calyx is called?
    a. Renal lobule
    b. Renal pelvis
    c. Renal papilla
    d. Medullary ray
A

d. Medullary ray

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7
Q
  1. Which structure leads to the collecting duct?
    a. Glomerulus
    b. Distal convoluted tubule
    c. Loop of henle
    d. Bowman’s capsule
A

b. Distal convoluted tubule

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8
Q
  1. The structure is the continuation of the ciliary body, and projects over the anterior surface of the lens
    a. Iris
    b. Pupil
    c. Retina
    d. Sclerae
    e. Choroid
A

a. Iris

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9
Q
  1. This structure drains the aqueous humor in the anterior chamber
    a. Internal scleral sulcus
    b. ciliary body
    c. canal of Schlemm
    d. suprachoroidal lamina
    e. limbus
A

c. canal of Schlemm

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10
Q
  1. Which structure separates the middle from the external ear?
    a. Tympanic membrane
    b. vestibule
    c. foot of stapes
    d. eustachian tube
    e. helicotrema
A

a. Tympanic membrane

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11
Q
  1. the bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells all synapse in a common layer in the retina. This is the:
    a. inner nuclear layer
    b. inner plexiform layer
    c. outer limiting membrane
    d. outer nuclear membrane
    e. outer plexiform layer
A

b. inner plexiform layer

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12
Q
  1. what type of hormone is oxytocin?
    a. Catecholamine
    b. None are correct
    c. Protein
    d. Steroid
    e. Peptide
A

e. Peptide

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13
Q
  1. What is another term for the posterior lobe of the pituitary?
    a. Pars tuberalis
    b. Pars intermedia
    c. infundibular stalk
    d. Pars distalis e. Pars nervosa
A

e. Pars nervosa

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14
Q
  1. The nephron consists of
    a. Renal tubule and renal cortex
    b. renal corpuscle and renal cortex
    c. renal tubule and renal medulla
    d. renal corpuscle and renal tubule
A

d. renal corpuscle and renal tubule

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15
Q
  1. These are the most abundant cells in the collecting system
    a. intercalated cells
    b. mesangial cells
    c. podocytes
    d. principal cells
A

d. principal cells

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following structure contain the fluid endolymoh?
    a. scala media
    b. Cochlea
    c. scala vestibuli
    d. vestibule
    e. scala tympani
A

a. scala media

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17
Q
  1. forms 90% of thickness of cornea:
    a. capsule of tenon
    b. stroma
    c. bruch’s membrane
    d. decemet’s membrane
    e. suprachroidal lamina
A

b. stroma

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18
Q
  1. A renal lobe is:
    a. Drains into a single interlobular duct
    b. Separated from the other lobes by the fibrous capsule
    c. Composed of one medullary pyramid with its associated cortex
    d. Grossly visible as a rounded bulge on the kidney surface
A

c. Composed of one medullary pyramid with its associated cortex

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19
Q
  1. Which of the ff is not part of the membranous labyrinth?
    a. semicircular ducts
    b. saccule
    c. cochlear duct
    d. vestibule
    e. utricle
A

d. vestibule

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20
Q
  1. where is corpora arenacea is found?
    a. pancreas
    b. pineal gland
    c. pituitary
    d. thyroid
    e. adrenal gland
A

b. pineal gland

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21
Q
  1. What type of epithelium lines the bladder?
    a. Stratified squamous epithelium
    b. Simple cuboidal epithelium
    c. Transitional epithelium
    d. Simple columnar epithelium
A

c. Transitional epithelium

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22
Q
  1. what type of hormone is prolactin?
    a. protein
    b. catecholamine
    c. peptide
    d. steroid
    e. NOTA
A

c. peptide

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23
Q
  1. Where are catecholamine secreted from?
    a. Zona fasciculata
    b. Chromaffin cells
    c. Zona glomerulosa
    d. Zona reticularis
    e. NOTA
A

b. Chromaffin cells

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24
Q
  1. These are a group of specialized cells which serve as a receptor for auditory stimuli
    a. Macula uticuli
    b. Macula sacculi
    c. Organ of Corti
    d. Crista ampullaris
    e. otolithic membrane
A

c. Organ of Corti

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25
25. This collects urine formed by the tubules in one renal lobe a. Renal papilla b. Minor calyx c. Major calyx d. Renal pyramid
b. Minor calyx
26
26. Which of the ff is not part of the neurohypophysis? a. Infundibular stalk b. Median eminence c. Pars distalis d. Pars nervosa e. All of the choices are part of the neurohypophysis
c. Pars distalis
27
27. which gland secretes cortisol? a. Adrenal gland (Cortex) b. Thyroid c. Adrenal gland (medulla) d. Pancreas e. Pineal gland
a. Adrenal gland (Cortex)
28
28. which of the ff cells can be classified as basophil? a. none are correct b. Corticotropic cells c. Thyrotropic cells d. Gonadotropic cells e. All are correct
e. All are correct
29
29. This retinal neuron exhibits either diffuse or stratified branching of its dendrite: a. Amacrine cells b. Horizontal cells c. Rod cells d. Bipolar cells e. Cone cells
a. Amacrine cells
30
30. Where is insulin secreted from? a. Acini b. Gamma cells c. Beta cells d. Delta cells e. Alpha cells
c. Beta cells
31
31. In the crista ampullaris of the ampula, these lining cells do not reach the basal lamina a. Supporting cells b. dark cells c. marginal cells d. hair cells e. ligh cells
d. hair cells
32
32. These cells mark the outer boundary of the organ of cort: a. Interdental cells b. cells of deiters c. Cells of boettcher d. cells of hensen e. Cells of Claudius
b. cells of deiters
33
33. which cell type is found in the adrenal medulla? a. Chromaffin cells b. Parafollicular cells c. Principal cells d. Follicular cells e. Oxyphil cell
a. Chromaffin cells
34
34. Which part the adrenal gland secretes sex steroids? a. None are correct b. Zona glomerulosa c. Chromaffin cells d. Zona fasciculata e. Zona reticularis
e. Zona reticularis
35
35. this is the most substantial part of the filtration barrier that separates the blood from the capsular space a. Spaces between the podocytes b. filtration slits between pedicles c. glomerular basement membrane d. fenestrations of the capillary endothelium
c. glomerular basement membrane
36
36. Containing 95% of the total afferent fibers of the cochlea, these cells are regarded as the actual sensory receptors for hearing: a. Outer hair cells b. Inner phalangeal cells c. outer phalangeal cells d. cells of Claudius e. inner hair cells
e. inner hair cells
37
37. The parietal epithelium of the bowman capsule is lined by a. simple cuboidal b. stratified squamous c. stratified cuboidal d. simple squamous
d. simple squamous
38
38. which part of the adrenal glands secretes glucocorticoids? a. None are correct b. chromaffin cells c. zona reticularis d. zona fasciculata e. zona glomerulosa
d. zona fasciculata
39
39. Which cell type are involved in the secretion thyroglobulin? a. parafollicular cells b. principal cells c. chromaffin cells d. follicular cells e. Oxyphil cell
d. follicular cells
40
40. Where are tropic hormones secreted from? a. adenohypophysis b. pars intermedia c. infundibulum d. pars tuberalis e. neurohypophysis
a. adenohypophysis
41
41. What is the epithelium of collecting ducts? a. Stratified cuboidal b. simple squamous c. Stratified squamous d. simple cuboidal
d. simple cuboidal
42
42. what is the functional unit of the kidney? a. Medulla b. Lobe c. Renal corpuscle d. Nephron
d. Nephron
43
43. The visceral layer of the corpuscle stellate epithelial cells called a. Principal Cells b. Podocytes c. Intercalated cells d. Mesangial cells
b. Podocytes
44
44. What cell type secretes TSH? a. Somatotropic cells b. Gonadotropic cells c. Lactotropic cells d. Corticotropic cells e. Thyrotopic cells
e. Thyrotopic cells
45
45. What is the thickest layer of the ureter? a. Lamina Propria b. Muscularis c. adventitia d. Mucosa
b. Muscularis
46
46. Innermost layer of the retina: a. Optic nerve fiber layer b. Inner plexiform layer c. Ganglion cell layer d. pigment epithelium e. Inner limiting membrane
b. Inner plexiform layer
47
47. What is the classification of the pancreas? a. Endocrine b. Both endocrine and exocrine c. Mixed d. Exocrine e. None are correct
c. Mixed
48
48. Which gland secretes melatonin? a. Pancreas b. Pineal gland c. Adrenal gland (medulla) d. Adrenal gland (cortex) e. Thyroid
b. Pineal gland
49
49. Give the function of intercalated cells a. Reabsorption of K b. Reabsorption of Cl c. Reabsorption of organic anions d. Reabsorption of Na
a. Reabsorption of K
50
50. What cell type secrets MSH? a. Thyrotropic cells b. Lactotropic cells c. Corticotropic cells d. Gonadotropic cells e. Somatotropic cells
c. Corticotropic cells
51
51. This carries urine to the outside of the body a. Bladder b. Ureter c. Kidneys d. Urethra
d. Urethra
52
52. This layer contains the cell bodies (perikaryon) of the photoreceptor cells: a. Layer of optic nerve fibers b. Inner nuclear membrane c. Inner plexiform layer d. Outer nuclear membrane e. Photoreceptor layer
b. Inner nuclear membrane
53
53. The muscle of the urinary bladder is called? a. Transitional epithelium b. Detrusor muscle c. Adventitia d. Muscularis
b. Detrusor muscle
54
54. which gland secretes epinephrine? a. adrenal gland (medulla) b. Pancreas c. Adrenal gland (cortex) d. Pineal gland e. Thyroid
a. adrenal gland (medulla)
55
55. The region of kidney containing the glomeruli a. Renal pelvis b. Renal papilla c. Cortex d. Medulla
c. Cortex
56
56. Which is not part of the male urethra a. Prostatic b. External sphincter c. Membranous d. Spongy
b. External sphincter
57
57. The loop of Henle is found in the? a. Both cortex and medulla b. Either cortex and medulla c. Medulla d. Cortex
c. Medulla
58
58. Its main function is to support the capillary loops a. Mesangium b. Podoctyes c. Pericytes d. Nephrons
a. Mesangium
59
59. The afferent arteriole enters the Bowman’s capsule thru the? a. Loop of henle b. Vascular pole c. Urinary pole d. Hilum
c. Urinary pole
60
60. Cells responsible for the production of the tectorial membrane a. Outer phalangeal cells b. Inner hair cells c. Outer hair cells d. Cells of Claudius e. Interdental cells
c. Outer hair cells
61
61. What type of hormone is epinephrine? a. Amino acid chain b. None c. Steroid d. Protein e. Catecholamine
e. Catecholamine
62
62. What cells are sensitive to sodium concentration? a. Pedicles b. Macula Densa c. Parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule d. Visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule
b. Macula Densa
63
63. Which of the ff is not a characteristic of the endocrine system? a. Products secreted into the blood b. Glands with ducts c. Secretes hormones d. Non localized response
b. Glands with ducts
64
64. Represents the roof of the cochlear duct a. Basilar membrane b. Stria vascularis c. Scala media d. Tectorial membrane e. Vestibular membrane
e. Vestibular membrane
65
65. Opening in the anterior segment of the eyes, defined by the pupillary border: a. Lens b. Fovea c. Pupil d. Limbus e. Macula
c. Pupil
66
66. Which of the ff is not part of the corneal layers? a. Bowman’s membrane b. Capsule of Tenon c. Substantia propria d. Decemet’s membrane e. Epithelium
b. Capsule of Tenon
67
67. Identify the function of the principal cells in the collecting system a. Secretion of potassium b. Passive reabsorption of proteins c. Reabsorption of potassium d. Active reabsorption of proteins
a. Secretion of potassium
68
68. where is the antidiuretic hormone secreted from? a. Infundibulum b. Neurohypophysis c. Adenohypophysis d. Pars intermedia e. Pars tuberalis
b. Neurohypophysis
69
69. What cell type secretes ACTH a. Thyrotropic cells b. Lactotropic cells c. Corticotropic cells d. Gonadotropic cells e. Somatotropic cells
c. Corticotropic cells
70
70. This allows the peristaltic movement of the urine form the pelvocalyceal system to the bladder a. Lamina propria b. Adventia c. Muscularis mucosa d. Transitional epithelium
c. Muscularis mucosa
71
71. Each kidney has approximately how many nephrons? a. 3-5 million b. 6-7 million c. 1-4 million d. 5-9 million
c. 1-4 million
72
72. what type of hormone is testosterone? a. Steroid b. Amino acid chain c. Catecholamine d. None e. Protein
a. Steroid
73
73. The organ of Corti rest on the: a. Tectorial membrane b. Spiral lamina c. Basilar membrane d. Vestibular membrane e. Stria vascularis
c. Basilar membrane
74
74. The renal capsule is composed of: a. Adipose connective tissue b. Transitional epithelium c. Loose connective tissue d. Dense fibrous tissue
d. Dense fibrous tissue
75
75. This refers to the concave medial border of the kidney where blood, lymph vessels and ureter enter and exit. a. Hilum b. Minor calyx c. Renal pelvis d. Major calyx
a. Hilum
76
76. Which of the ff statements about the Outer hair cells is incorrect/false? a. They form 3 rows of cells b. They are distributed in a W-shaped pattern c. They form fewer rows than inner hair cells d. They have a basal nucleus e. They are lodged in between the outer pillar and outer phalangeal cells
c. They form fewer rows than inner hair cells
77
77. These functions for the passive reabsorption of electrolytes a. Proximal convoluted tubule b. Thich ascending loop of henle c. Distal convoluted tubule d. thin limbs of the loop of henle
a. Proximal convoluted tubule
78
78. Blood in the renal artery flows next to which vessels? a. Glomerular capillaries b. Interlobular arteries c. Arcuate arteries d. Segmental arteries
d. Segmental arteries
79
79. Choose the best description of the urothelium a. When the bladder is full, the urothelium is thinner b. when the bladder is empty, the urothelium is thinner c. when the bladder is full, the urothelium is folded d. when the bladder is empty, the urothelium is smooth
a. When the bladder is full, the urothelium is thinner
80
80. The innermost layer of the choroid appears “glassy” and is therefore refractile: a. Choriocapillary layer b. Basal lamina c. Ora serata d. Vessel layer e. Bruch’s membrane
e. Bruch’s membrane
81
81. This vascular middle layer is also involved in accommodation and production of aqueous humor: a. Cornea b. Pupil c. Uvea d. Retina e. Sclera
c. Uvea
82
82. In cases of retinal detachments, this layer becomes the line of cleavage: a. Pigment epithelium b. Outer limiting membrane c. Outer plexiform layer d. Outer nuclear layer e. Photoreceptor layer
a. Pigment epithelium
83
83. Which of the ff is part of the adrenal gland? a. chromaffin cells b. All are correct c. Zona glomerulosa d. Zona reticularis e. Zona fasciculata
b. All are correct
84
84. Centrally depressed area of the retina where vision is most acute: a. Central area b. Optic disc c. Fovea d. Optic disc e. Macula lutea
c. Fovea
85
85. The ff are functions of kidney except: a. Excretion of metabolic waste product b. Gluconeogenesis during starvation c. Secretion of erythropoietin d. Secretion of vitamin D prohormone
d. Secretion of vitamin D prohormone
86
86. What is the most common parathyroid gland? a. Parafollicular cells b. Chromaffin cells c. Principal cells d. Follicular cells e. Oxyphil cell
c. Principal cells
87
87. Which of the ff statements regarding cone pedicles is FALSE? a. The base is flattened b. Assumes the shape of a large pyramidal ending c. It has a single synaptic invagination d. Satisfies the triad content of invagination (2 horizontal, 1 bipolar) e. They enclose dendrites of horizontal and bipolar cells
c. It has a single synaptic invagination
88
88. Of the cells of the utricle and saccule, these are known to have large nuclei with irregular outlines: a. Dark cells b. Marginal cells c. Hair cells d. Supporting cells e. Light cells
a. Dark cells
89
89. which of the ff cells can be classified as a basophil? a. Somatotropic cells b. all are correct c. none are correct d. lactotropic cells e. corticotropic cells
e. corticotropic cells
90
90. These cells line the interstitial spaces in the matrix between the capillaries a. Pericytes b. Fibroblasts c. Mesangial cells d. Podocytes
c. Mesangial cells
91
91. The scala tympani and scala vestibuli are joined together by a small opening at the cochlear apex called: a. Tectorial membrane b. spinal lamina c. stria vascularis d. helicotrema e. external spiral sulcus
d. helicotrema
92
92. The outer segment of the rod and cone photoreceptor cells are connected to the inner segment by a stalk or cilium that arises from a: a. Plasmalemma b. Pedicle c. Epithelium d. Limiting membrane e. Basal body
e. Basal body
93
93. Involved in the physiology of hearing: a. Utricle b. Cochlea c. Crista ampullaris d. Saccule e. Vestibule
b. Cochlea
94
94. what is pancreatic polypeptide secreted from? a. Alpha cells b. Beta cells c. Acini d. Gamma cells e. Delta cells
d. Gamma cells
95
95. which of the ff layers of the eye is opaque? a. cornea b. sclera c. lens d. retina e. vitreal cavity
b. sclera
96
96. which of the ff is the middle layer of the adrenal cortex? a. Zona fasciculata b. Zona reticularis c. None d. Zona glomerulosa e. Chromaffin cells
a. Zona fasciculata
97
97. What organ is nicknamed as the “master gland” a. Adrenal medulla b. adrenal cortex c. heart d. brain e. pituitary
e. pituitary
98
98. Photosensitive layer of the eye: a. Lens b. Choroid c. Retina d. Vitreous humor e. Cornea
c. Retina
99
99. Which of the ff cells can be classified as an acidophil? a. corticotropic cells b. gonadotropic cells c. none d. all are correct e. thyrotropic cells
c. none
100
100. Which correctly describes the blood supply to the kidneys? a. Renal artery derived > segmental arteries > interlobar arteries > interlobular arteries > arcuate arteries > afferent arterioles > glomerulus > efferent arterioles b. Renal artery derived > segmental arteries > interlobar arteries > interlobular arteries arcuate arteries > afferent arterioles > efferent arterioles > glomerulus c. Renal artery derived > segmental arteries > interlobar arteries > arcuate arteries > interlobular > afferent arterioles > glomerulus > efferent arterioles d. Renal artery derived > segmental arteries > interlobar arteries > interlobular arteries > arcuate arteries > afferent arteriole > efferent arterioles > glomerulus
c. Renal artery derived > segmental arteries > interlobar arteries > arcuate arteries > interlobular > afferent arterioles > glomerulus > efferent arterioles

Histology (14 decks)

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