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Histology > Histology 3rd Lecture Exam (Batch 2024) > Flashcards

Histology 3rd Lecture Exam (Batch 2024) Flashcards

8 - Immune System and Lymphoid Organs 9 - Respiratory System 10 - Circulatory System

1
Q

51.Which one is secreted by plasma cells arising from proliferation of B lymphocytes?
A.Helper cells
B.Antigen
C.Cytokine
D.Antibody

A

D.Antibody

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2
Q

52.What immunoglobulin crosses the placental barrier and is produced in large amounts during immune responses?
A.IgG
B.IgA
C.IgD
D.IgE

A

A.IgG

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3
Q

53.Where is the origin of precursors of all types of lymphocyte?
A.Spleen
B.Blood
C.Liver
D.Bone marrow

A

D.Bone marrow

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4
Q

54.Which type of T cells act directly against foreign cells or virus-infected cells?
A.Regulatory cells
B.Helper cells
C.Cytotoxic cells
D.Memory cells

A

C.Cytotoxic cells

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5
Q

55.In a patient with AIDS, which one is killed by the infecting retrovirus?
A.Antigen-presenting cells
B.Macrophages
C.β lymphocytes
D.Helper T cells

A

D.Helper T cells

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6
Q

56.Which one is not a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?
A.Spleen
B.Payer’s patch
C.Tonsils
D.Appendix

A

A.Spleen

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7
Q

57.Which of the following statements is true regarding the lymphatic system?
A.Lymphatic nodules surround a vessel called central artery
B.Epithelial reticular cells form whorls called Hassall’s corpuscles
C.The bone marrow is not a part of the lymphoid system
D.Splenic cords are interconnected blood channels that drain blood

A

B.Epithelial reticular cells form whorls called Hassall’s corpuscles

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8
Q

58.Identify which of the following cells carry out an immune response?
A.Lymphocytes
B.Macrophage
C.Plasma cells
D.Red blood cells

A

A.Lymphocytes

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9
Q

59.Recognition and destruction of antigenically virus-infected and malignant cells are functions of which of the following?
A.Suppressor T cells
B.Memory T cells
C.Cytotoxic T cells
D.Helper T cells

A

C.Cytotoxic T cells

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10
Q

60.Which cells are part of the mononuclear phagocytic system and function to phagocytose and process antigens?
A.Antigen-presenting cells
B.Plasma cells
C.Natural killer cells
D.Suppressor T cells

A

A.Antigen-presenting cells

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11
Q

61.Which statement regarding the cell-mediated immune response is not correct?
A.Cytotoxic T cells destroy foreign cells and induce apoptosis
B.Antigen induces transformation of the B cells into plasma cells
C.Activated lymphocytes destroy microorganisms and tumor cells
D.Stimulation of T cell is due to the surface of antigen-presenting cells

A

C.Activated lymphocytes destroy microorganisms and tumor cells

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12
Q

62.Which of the following is not a feature of a lymph node?
A.Associated with afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels
B.Presence of high endothelial venules in its paracortical zone
C.The outer cortex populated by the T lymphocytes
D.Contains dendritic cells, which are antigen-presenting cells

A

C.The outer cortex populated by the T lymphocytes

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13
Q

63.The physical blood-thymus barrier is not formed by which of the following?
A.macrophages
B.endothelial cells
C.epithelial reticular cells
D.plasma cells

A

D.plasma cells

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14
Q

64.This organ filters blood and is the site of immune responses to blood borne antigens.
A.thymus
B.lymph node
C.tonsil
D.spleen

A

D.spleen

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15
Q

65.Which one of the following does not reside in the splenic white pulp?
A.Antigen-presenting cells
B.T cells
C.Macrophages
D.Erythrocytes

A

D.Erythrocytes

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16
Q

66.Identify which one of the following populates the periarterial sheath of the central arteries in the white pulp?
A.Macrophages
B.lymphocytes
C.T lymphocytes
D.Plasma cells

A

C.T lymphocytes

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17
Q

67.What is the protective epithelial lining that covers the palatine tonsil?
A.Simple cuboidal epithelium
B.Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
C.Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
D.Stratified columnar epithelium

A

C.Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

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18
Q

68.Which of the following surrounds and promotes proliferation, and maturation of lymphocytes in the thymus?
A.dendritic cells
B.stellate reticular cells
C.epithelial reticular cells
D.macrophages

A

A.dendritic cells

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19
Q

69.Which of the following is not found in the splenic red pulp?
A.cords of Billroth
B.germinal center
C.reticular fiber networks
D.venous sinusoids

A

B.germinal center

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20
Q

70.The peripheral white pulp and germinal center of the spleen is highly populated with:
A.Macrophage
B.B lymphocytes
C.Plasma cells
D.T lymphocytes

A

D.T lymphocytes

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21
Q

71.In the lymph nodes, the dendritic cells are the:
A.antigen presenting cells
B.reticular cells
C.nurse cells
D.lymphocytes

A

A.antigen presenting cells

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22
Q

72.What stimulate B cells to differentiate into plasma cells and to secrete antibodies?
A.Cytokines
B.Langerhans cells
C.Bone marrow
D.Macrophage

A

A.Cytokines

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23
Q

73.Which of the following is not found in the medullary cords of the lymph node?
A.lymphocytes
B.red blood cells
C.macrophages
D.plasma cells

A

B.red blood cells

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24
Q

74.Lymph enters the lymph node via:
A.Efferent lymphatic vessels
B.Medullary cords
C.Bloodstream
D.Afferent lymphatic vessels

A

D.Afferent lymphatic vessels

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25
Q

75.Which of the following cells inhibit the functions of helper T cells and modulate the immune response?
A.Memory T cells
B.Kupffer cells
C.Suppressor T cells
D.Cytotoxic T cells

A

C.Suppressor T cells

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26
Q

76.This basic tissue has the ability to convert chemical energy into mechanical work.
A.Epithelium
B.Nervous tissue
C.Bone
D.Muscle tissue
E.Connective tissue

A

D.Muscle tissue

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27
Q

77.The following are functions of smooth muscles except:
A.expel glandular products
B.peristalsis
C.flexes hip
D.changes caliber of lumen
E.mixing dense bodies

A

C.flexes hip

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28
Q

78.These are widely spaced, ill-defined fusiform densities within the cytoplasm of smooth muscles:
A.Endoplasmic reticulum
B.Golgi complex
C.Cytoplasmic dense bodies
D.Mitochondria
E.Ribosomes

A

C.Cytoplasmic dense bodies

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29
Q

79.Vesicular invaginations of plasmalemma of smooth muscles
A.Caveolae
B.Subplasmalemmal dense plaques
C.Intermediate filaments
D.Actin
E.Myosin

A

A.Caveolae

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30
Q

80.This connective tissue layer intimately covers each muscle fiber:
A.Endomysium
B.Elysium
C.Epimysium
D.Perimysium
E.Paramysium

A

A.Endomysium

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31
Q

81.Made up of a single motor neuron, its terminal axonal branches, and a muscle fiber:
A.Motor unit
B.Synaptic clefts
C.Motor end plate
D.Neuromuscular junction
E.Nerve endings

A

A.Motor unit

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32
Q

82.A sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of skeletal muscles and is defines as a/an:
A.segment between 2 Z-lines
B.segment between 2 M-lines
C.I – band
D.A – band
E.segment between 2 H-zones

A

A.segment between 2 Z-lines

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33
Q

83.Site of sequestration of calcium during muscle relaxation:
A.Sarcoplasmic reticulum
B.Mitochondria
C.Sarcolemma
D.Transverse (T) tubule
E.Sarcoplasm

A

A.Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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34
Q

84.TRUE of cardiac muscles, EXCEPT:
A.Centrally placed nuclei
B.Presence of branching of fibers
C.Indistinct longitudinal striations
D.more abundant sarcoplasm
E.Exhibits cross striations

A

D.more abundant sarcoplasm

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35
Q

85.What muscle type is in the Inferior Vena Cava?

A

Cardiac Muscle

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36
Q

86.What muscle type is in the Gastric glands?

A

Smooth Muscle

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37
Q

87.What muscle type is in the Left atrium?

A

Cardiac Muscle

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38
Q

88.What muscle type is in the Biceps brachii?

A

Skeletal Muscle

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39
Q

89.What muscle type is in the Gastric glands?

A

Smooth Muscle

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40
Q

90.What muscle type is in the Gastric glands?

A

Smooth Muscle

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41
Q

91.What muscle type/s exhibit/s cross striations?

A

Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

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42
Q

92.What muscle type/s function/s through myogenic contractions?

A

Cardiac Muscle

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43
Q

93.What muscle type/s is/are in the Terminal cisternae?

A

Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

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44
Q

94.What muscle type/s is/are in the transverse axial tubular system?

A

Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

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45
Q

95.What muscle type/s has/have filaments occur in longitudinally oblique bundles?

A

Smooth and Skeletal Muscle

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46
Q

96.What muscle type exhibits branching of fibers?

A

Cardiac Muscle

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47
Q

97.What muscle fiber type are in the Red fibers?

A

Type 1 slow oxidative

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48
Q

98.What muscle fiber type are in the White fibers?

A

Type 2 B fast glycolytic

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49
Q

99.What muscle fiber type is abundant in 400- 800-meter sprinters?

A

Type 2 A fast oxidative glycolytic

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50
Q

100.What muscle fiber type has the Highest resistance to fatigue?

A

Type 2 A fast oxidative

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51
Q

1.Which epithelial cell surface specialization is used to move mucous and particles along the surface?
A.microvilli
B.cilia
C.villi
D.desmosomes
E.stereocilia

A

B.cilia

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52
Q

2.Pseudostratified columnar, ciliated epithelium is found lining the:
A.bronchi
B.trachea
C.nasal cavities
D.crypts of pharyngeal tonsils
E.all of the above

A

E.all of the above

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53
Q

3.The cell type in the olfactory epithelium whose nuclei are positioned most apically is the:
A.basal cell
B.clara cell
C.sustentacular cell
D.goblet cell
E.olfactory receptor cell

A

C.sustentacular cell

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54
Q

4.The most numerous cell type in the olfactory epithelium, whose nuclei are positioned at several levels in the lower portion of the epithelium, is the:
A.sustentacular cell
B.clara cell
C.olfactory receptor cell
D.basal cell
E.goblet cell

A

C.olfactory receptor cell

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55
Q

5.Olfactory receptor cells:
A.are supported by sustentacular cells
B.can be replaced by cell division when worn out or damaged
C.are nerve cells with axons extending through the cribriform plate into the olfactory bulb of the brain
D.have several extremely long cilia for extensive exposure of receptor surface membrane
E.all of the above

A

E.all of the above

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56
Q

6.In which of the following are goblet cells most frequent?
A.bronchiole
B.trachea
C.bronchus
D.alveolus

A

B.trachea

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57
Q

7.As respiratory passages branch from trachea to bronchioles, the epithelium gradually changes from:
A.simple squamous to ciliated pseudostratified columnar
B.simple columnar to simple squamous
C.stratified squamous to simple squamous
D.ciliated pseudostratified columnar to simple cuboidal
E.simple cuboidal to simple columnar

A

D.ciliated pseudostratified columnar to simple cuboidal

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58
Q

8.Simple squamous epithelium lines the:
A.nasal cavities
B.bronchi
C.alveoli
D.trachea

A

C.alveoli

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59
Q

9.Alveolar type 1 cells are:
A.squamous cells involved in gas exchange
B.ciliated cells that move mucous
C.cuboidal cells that secrete surfactant
D.columnar cells that secrete mucous

A

A.squamous cells involved in gas exchange

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60
Q

10.The entire alveolar wall or septum (separating adjacent alveoli) consists of:
A.surface epithelium
B.blood vessels
C.all of the above
D.connective tissue

A

C.all of the above

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61
Q

11.Non-ciliated cuboidal cells in bronchiole epithelium that are thought to be involved in absorption or secretion are called:
A.basal cells
B.clara cells
C.chief cells
D.goblet cells

A

B.clara cells

62
Q

12.The thickness of interalveolar septa separating adjacent alveoli is typically:
A.500 to 1000 microns
B.50 to 100 microns
C.1 micron or less
D.5 to 10 microns

A

D.5 to 10 microns

63
Q

13.The lining of the pleural cavity is:
A.mesothelium
B.endolthelium
C.pseudostratified columnar epithelium
D.type 1 pneumocytes

A

A.mesothelium

64
Q

14.C-shaped rings that form the framework of the trachea and help keep it open are composed of:
A.fibroelastic tissue
B.trachealis muscle
C.skeletal muscle
D.hyaline cartilage

A

D.hyaline cartilage

65
Q

15.What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?
A.Fibrocartilage
B.Hyaline cartilage
C.Elastic cartilage
D.Spongy bone

A

C.Elastic cartilage

66
Q

16.Which of the following is part of the conducting airway?
A.Respiratory Bronchioles
B.Alveoli
C.Alveolar ducts
D.Bronchi

67
Q

17.What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?
A.Transitional epithelium
B.Simple squamous epithelium
C.Stratified squamous epithelium
D.Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

A

C.Stratified squamous epithelium

68
Q

18.Which cartilage of the larynx is made of hyaline cartilage?
A.Arytenoid cartilage
B.Cricoid cartilage
C.All of the above
D.Thyroid cartilage

A

C.All of the above

69
Q

19.Which cell is also called a septal cell?
A.Type 1 pneumocyte
B.Dust cell
C.Type 2 pneumocyte
D.Clara cell

A

C.Type 2 pneumocyte

70
Q

20.Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?
A.Microglia
B.Histiocyte
C.Dust cell
D.Kupffer cell

A

C.Dust cell

71
Q

21.Which of the following is devoid of hyaline cartilage?
A.trachea
B.bronchus
C.larynx
D.bronchiole

72
Q

22.Small sero-mucous glands may be found in the mucosa of the:
A.nasal cavity
B.all of the above
C.nasal sinuses
D.trachea

A

B.all of the above

73
Q

23.Intrapulmonary bronchi and bronchioles same which of the following properties?
A.Association with pulmonary arteries
B.Association with glands
C.Amount of cartilage
D.Type of epithelium

A

A.Association with pulmonary arteries

74
Q

24.The following statements are correct except?
A.Surfactant is produced by Type II pneumocytes
B.The larynx contains hyaline cartilage and smooth muscle
C.Clara cells are found only in the bronchioles
D.None of the above

A

B.The larynx contains hyaline cartilage and smooth muscle

75
Q

25.All of the following statements about the respiratory epithelium is correct except?
A.Trachealis muscle contracts during inhalation
B.Most of the inside of the alveoli is lined with type I pneumocytes
C.Mucociliary clearance involves goblet cells, ciliated cells and submucosal glands
D.Vocal folds contain elastic fibers, skeletal muscle, and stratified epithelium

A

A.Trachealis muscle contracts during inhalation

76
Q

26.The large number of alveolar macrophages which migrate into the lumen of the alveoli are derived from
A.Smooth muscles of the pulmonary arteries
B.Fibroblasts in the fibroalveolar septa
C.Dendritic cells of the lymphoid tissue
D.Monocytes circulating in the blood

A

D.Monocytes circulating in the blood

77
Q

27.Both goblet cells and ciliated cells are found in the following except?
A.Alveoli
B.Bronchi
C.Trachea
D.Nasal cavity

78
Q

28.Capillaries of alveoli are:
A.Larger in diameter than average systemic capillaries
B.Separated from air solely by their own epithelium and basal lamina
C.Fenestrated to enhance uptake of air from the alveolar lumen
D.Typically surrounded by dense concentrations of lymphocytes

A

A.Larger in diameter than average systemic capillaries

79
Q

29.Which of the following is composed of skeletal muscle and cartilage?
A.Larynx
B.Trachea
C.Bronchioles
D.Alveoli

80
Q

30.Bronchioles is differentiated from bronchi by the following except?
A.Absence of cartilage
B.Type of epithelium
C.Presence of Clara cells
D.Presence of smooth muscle

A

D.Presence of smooth muscle

81
Q

31.Which of the following does not contain smooth muscle?
A.Trachea
B.Bronhioles
C.Bronchi
D.Alveolar ducts
E.Alveoli

82
Q

32.Which of the following is not a characteristic of capillaries found in the alveolar septa?
A.There is transport across the capillary wall using membrane vesicles
B.They have larger diameters than most capillaries
C.They lack basement membrane
D.They have lower pressure than most capillaries

A

C.They lack basement membrane

83
Q

33.A unique feature of the olfactory epithelium is
A.Presence of taste receptors
B.Continuous replacement of neurons
C.Presence of hair cells
D.Presence of goblet cells

A

B.Continuous replacement of neurons

84
Q

34.Which of the following features is found in both respiratory and olfactory epithelium?
A.They are both pseudostratified
B.They both contain goblet cells
C.They both have motile cilia
D.They have bipolar sensory neurons

A

A.They are both pseudostratified

85
Q

35.The following are characteristics of Type II Pneumocytes except:
A.They secrete surfactant
B.They divide to produce both Type I and Type II cells
C.They phagocytose particulates in the alveoli
D.They contain lamellar bodies and organelles

A

C.They phagocytose particulates in the alveoli

86
Q

36.For oxygen to reach hemoglobin, it must diffuse across all the following structures except?
A.Smooth muscle cells
B.Type I pneumocyte
C.Endothelial cell
D.Layer of surfactant

A

A.Smooth muscle cells

87
Q

37.Which of the following components increase(s) as a proportion of the respiratory tract wall from trachea to alveoli?
A.Cilia
B.Elastic fibers
C.Cartilage
D.Smooth muscle
E.Goblet cells

A

B.Elastic fibers

88
Q

38.Air moving rapidly across the vocal cords and causing them to vibrate and produce sound is contacting what type of epithelium?
A.Pseudostratified ciliated
B.Stratified squamous nonkeratinized
C.Simple squamous
D.Stratified squamous keratinized

A

B.Stratified squamous nonkeratinized

89
Q

39.Which structural feature distinguishes between terminal and respiratory bronchioles?
A.Mucous glands in lamina propria
B.Exocrine bronchiolar cells
C.Alveoli
D.Cilia

90
Q

40.Which of the following features distinguishes a bronchus within a lung from the primary bronchi?
A.Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B.Smooth muscle in the wall
C.Irregular plates of cartilage
D.Glands in the submucosa

A

C.Irregular plates of cartilage

91
Q

41.Which feature involved in protection of the respiratory tract is absent from the digestive tract?
A.Secretory IgA
B.Cilia
C.Lymphoid nodules
D.Goblet cells

92
Q

42.Which of the following is true of pulmonary surfactant?
A.Prevents alveolar collapse by increasing surface tension
B.Is secreted by goblet cells
C.Forms layer rich in phospholipid overlying a thin aqueous phase
D.Secreted by type I pneumocytes
E.Does not affect bacterial survival

A

C.Forms layer rich in phospholipid overlying a thin aqueous phase

93
Q

43.The pulmonary (functional) and bronchial (nutritive) arterial systems enter the lungs separately at the hilus but anastomose into a single system at which level?
A.Bronchi
B.Segmental bronchioles
C.Respiratory bronchiole
D.Terminal bronchioles

A

C.Respiratory bronchiole

94
Q

44.After 35 weeks of gestation, a 5 lb 5 oz girl is born to a 30-year-old gravid 2, para (G2P2) woman. The infant has rapid and labored breathing that is viewed as transient tachypnea of the newborn. She has respiratory distress, with a normal pulse and no heart murmurs. She is transported to the neonatal intensive care unit with worsening tachypnea. In this infant which of the following is likely to be involved?
A.Failure of the type I pneumocytes to form complete blood-air barriers
B.Failure of type II pneumocytes to complete differentiation and become fully functional
C.Absence of elastic fibers from the bronchiolar walls and interalveolar septa
D.Failure of type II pneumocyte progenitors to proliferate adequately during gestation

A

B.Failure of type II pneumocytes to complete differentiation and become fully functional

95
Q

45.A thirteen-year-old girl presents at the ER with paroxysms of dyspnea, cough, and wheezing. Her parents indicate that she had these “attacks” during the past winter and that they have worsened and become more frequent during the spring. Which of the following cell types and their location is correctly matched to a function it may perform in this patient’s disorder?
A.Plasma cells in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), bronchoconstriction
B.Mast cells in BALT, bronchoconstriction and edema
C.Eosinophils in BALT, bronchodilation
D.Cilia in alveolar ducts, enhanced mucociliary transport

A

B.Mast cells in BALT, bronchoconstriction and edema

96
Q

46.A 30-year-old man is diagnosed with a testicular germ cell tumor. The tumor is surgically removed, and he begins chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin. Bleomycin chemotherapy is known to affect the lung blood-air barrier. Which of the following best describes the structural site of those effects?
A.Alveolar pores of Kohn
B.Alveolar macrophages in interalveolar septa
C.Fused basal laminae of epithelial and endothelial cells
D.Type II pneumocytes linked by junctional complexes

A

C.Fused basal laminae of epithelial and endothelial cells

97
Q

47.The respiratory bronchiole epithelium is:
A.Pseudostratified columnar
B.Stratified cuboidal
C.Stratified squamous
D.Simple cuboidal

A

D.Simple cuboidal

98
Q

48.The surfactant is made up of the following
A.Proteins
B.Cholesterol
C.Phospholipid
D.All of the above

A

D.All of the above

99
Q

49.Each lung is covered by:
A.Visceral pleura
B.Parietal pleura
C.Smooth muscle
D.Fascia

A

A.Visceral pleura

100
Q

50.Which one secretes surfactants?
A.type II pneumocytes
B.type I pneumocytes
C.Kulchitsky cells
D.Clara cells

A

A.type II pneumocytes

101
Q

51.The general arrangement of fibers in the tunica adventitial layer of blood vessels is:
A.circumferential
B.longitudinal
C.horizontal
D.vertical
E.oblique

A

B.longitudinal

102
Q

52.The middle layer in the general structural organization of blood vessels is:
A.tunica intima
B.tunica media
C.external elastic lamina
D.tunica adventitia
E.internal elastic lamina

A

B.tunica media

103
Q

53.The vasa vasorum is usually located in this layer:
A.internal elastic lamina
B.tunica media
C.tunica intima
D.tunica adventitia
E.external elastic lamina

A

D.tunica adventitia

104
Q

54.Weibel-Palade bodies are found in this class of blood vessels:
A.capillaries
B.muscular arteries
C.conducting arteries
D.none of the above
E.arterioles

A

C.conducting arteries

105
Q

55.All are muscular arteries, EXCEPT:
A.none of the above
B.splenic
C.brachial
D.renal
E.superior mesenteric

106
Q

56.Composed of the first layers of elastin in the tunica media of blood vessels:
A.external elastic lamina
B.tunica adventitia
C.none of the above
D.tunica intima
E.internal elastic lamina

A

E.internal elastic lamina

107
Q

57.The following statements about muscular arteries are TRUE, EXCEPT:
A.The thickest coat is the tunica media.
B.The tunica intima conforms to the irregularities of the elastic layer.
C.The internal elastic lamina is undulating in contracted vessels.
D.Fenestrations are sites of diffusion of metabolites.
E.None of the above

A

E.None of the above

108
Q

58.Nerve fibers usually penetrate the blood vessel wall and terminate in this layer:
A.external elastic lamina
B.internal elastic lamina
C.tunica intima
D.tunica adventitia
E.tunica media

A

A.external elastic lamina

109
Q

59.These vessels are the principal components of peripheral resistance to blood flow:
A.muscular arteries
B.elastic arteries
C.arterioles
D.none of the above
E.capillaries

A

C.arterioles

110
Q

60.Responds to stretch and changes in blood pressure:
A.carotid body
B.aortic body
C.carotid sinus
D.transitional artery
E.metarterioles

A

C.carotid sinus

111
Q

61.Believed to have sphincter-like function and found between arterioles and capillaries:
A.metarterioles
B.aortic bodies
C.carotid sinus
D.mixed transitional arteries
E.hybrid transitional arteries

A

A.metarterioles

112
Q

62.Monitors O2, CO2 and H+ ion concentrations:
A.metarterioles
B.transitional arteries
C.carotid sinus
D.carotid body
E.none of the above

A

D.carotid body

113
Q

63.Appears as a dilatation at the internal carotid artery, above the bifurcation of the common carotid:
A.aortic body
B.carotid sinus
C.carotid body
D.aortic sinus
E.none of the above

A

B.carotid sinus

114
Q

64.Exhibits contractile functions:
A.valves
B.all of the above
C.none of the above
D.anchoring filaments
E.pericytes

A

E.pericytes

115
Q

65.This structure prevents blood from flowing in the opposite direction:
A.reticular fibers
B.none of the above
C.fibroblasts
D.valves
E.well-developed tunica media

116
Q

66.Anchoring filaments are present in:
A.Arteries
B.Capillaries
C.Veins
D.Sinusoids
E.Lymphatics

A

B.Capillaries

117
Q

67.Pericytes are believed to contribute to the contractile property of:
A.Sinusoids
B.Venules
C.Capillaries
D.Arterioles
E.Lymphatic capillaries

A

C.Capillaries

118
Q

68.Lymphatic valves begin to appear at the level of:
A.Lymphatic duct
B.Lymph node
C.Medium to small lymphatic vessels
D.Lymphatic capillaries
E.Large lymphatic vessels

A

C.Medium to small lymphatic vessels

119
Q

69.Which segment has a wider and irregular lumen?
A.Capillaries
B.Medium-sized artery
C.Sinusoids
D.Arterioles
E.Lymphatic capillaries

A

C.Sinusoids

120
Q

70.In 55-60% of hearts, the sinoatrial node is supplied by this vessel:
A.Left anterior descending artery
B.Left circumflex artery
C.Left coronary artery
D.Right coronary artery
E.Right marginal artery

A

D.Right coronary artery

121
Q

71.The endothelial lining forms an uninterrupted layer around the lumen:
A.Continuous capillary
B.Discontinuous capillary
C.Fenestrated capillary
D.B & C
E.A & B

A

A.Continuous capillary

122
Q

72.Typical configuration capillary vessels in endocrine organs:
A.Discontinuous capillary
B.Fenestrated capillary
C.Continuous capillary
D.B & C
E.A & B

A

A.Discontinuous capillary

123
Q

73.Sinusoidal type of capillary:
A.Continuous capillary
B.Discontinuous capillary
C.Fenestrated capillary
D.A & B
E.B & C

A

B.Discontinuous capillary

124
Q

74.Typically present in the liver:
A.Fenestrated capillary
B.Discontinuous capillary
C.Continuous capillary
D.A & B
E.B & C

A

B.Discontinuous capillary

125
Q

75.Provided with pores:
A.Discontinuous capillary
B.Fenestrated capillary
C.Continuous capillary
D.A & B
E.B & C

A

B.Fenestrated capillary

126
Q

76.The smallest vessels in this system end blindly:
A.capillaries
B.lymphatics
C.post-capillary venule
D.sinusoidal system (liver)
E.none of the above

A

B.lymphatics

127
Q

77.Maintains patency of the lymphatic vessel:
A.anchoring filaments
B.pore diaphragm
C.secondary pericytes
D.valves
E.primary pericytes

A

A.anchoring filaments

128
Q

78.The myocardium represents this layer of a blood vessel wall:
A.tunica adventitia
B.internal elastic lamina
C.tunica media
D.tunica intima
E.external elastic lamina

A

C.tunica media

129
Q

79.Component of the cardiac skeleton:
A.annuli fibrosi
B.trigona fibrosa
C.none of the above
D.septum membranaceum
E.all of the above

A

E.all of the above

130
Q

80.Thickest in the left ventricle:
A.none of the above
B.epicardium
C.myocardium
D.subendocardium
E.endocardium

A

C.myocardium

131
Q

81.Thickest in the left atrium:
A.myocardium
B.subendocardium
C.none of the above
D.epicardium
E.endocardium

A

A.myocardium

132
Q

82.Glides freely over the parietal pericardium:
A.subendocardium
B.epicardium
C.none of the above
D.endocardium
E.myocardium

A

D.endocardium

133
Q

83.Made up primarily of ‘P cells’:
A.sino-atrial node
B.atrio-ventricular node
C.bundle of His
D.Purkinje fibers
E.internodal tracts

A

A.sino-atrial node

134
Q

84.This component of the conducting system of the heart provides the automatic rhythmic heartbeat:
A.AV node
B.bundle of His
C.SA node
D.purkinje fibers
E.all of the above

135
Q

85.This intermodal pathway in the heart gives off an anterior atrial band serving the left atrium:
A.middle (Wenckebach’s bundle)
B.posterior (Thorel’s tract)
C.left bundle branch
D.anterior intermodal pathway
E.AV Node of Tawara

A

D.anterior intermodal pathway

136
Q

86.At any given time, the capillary bed contains this percentage amount of the entire blood in the circulatory system:
A.7%
B.5%
C.15%
D.2%
E.10%

137
Q

87.Blood from the luminal side reaches and nourishes the inner layers of the vessel wall by way of the:
A.Subendothelium
B.Fenestrations
C.Vasa vasorum
D.Basal lamina
E.Nervi vascularis

A

B.Fenestrations

138
Q

88.Located in the arch of the aorta and has structure and function identical to carotid bodies:
A.Metarterioles
B.Carotid sinus
C.Transitional arteries
D.None of the above
E.Aortic body

A

E.Aortic body

139
Q

89.With an average size of 12 x 9 x 6 cm, the heart is approximating the size of a:
A.Palm
B.Cheek
C.Deltoid
D.Knee
E.Closed fist

A

E.Closed fist

140
Q

90.Divides into 2 layers to form/enclose the pericardial cavity:
A.Fibrous pericardium
B.All of the above
C.Serous pericardium
D.Myocardium
E.Endocardium

A

C.Serous pericardium

141
Q

91.The tunica media of elastic arteries is composed of alternating layers of the following, EXCEPT:
A.smooth muscles
B.reticular fibers
C.collagen fibers
D.elastin
E.None of the above

A

B.reticular fibers

142
Q

92.In large vessels, blood supply is through a small vessel located in the T. adventitia layer and extends to the T. media called:
A.Arteriole
B.Nervi vascularis
C.Vasa vasorum
D.Smallest artery
E.None of the above

A

C.Vasa vasorum

143
Q

93.Most prominent feature of distributing arteries:
A.Weibel-Palade bodies
B.Elastic fibers
C.Smooth muscles
D.Adipose
E.Internal elastic lamina

A

C.Smooth muscles

144
Q

94.Principal cells of elastic fibers:
A.Fibroblasts
B.Adipose cells
C.Smooth muscles
D.Elastic fibers
E.Collagen fibers

A

A.Fibroblasts

145
Q

95.Actual site of exchange of metabolites and waste products, and of leukocyte migration to tissues:
A.Metarterioles
B.Sinusoids
C.Post-capillary venules
D.Capillaries
E.Small arteries

A

C.Post-capillary venules

146
Q

96.Thickest layer in medium-sized veins:
A.Tunica adventitia
B.External elastic lamina
C.Tunica intima
D.Tunica media
E.Internal elastic lamina

A

A.Tunica adventitia

147
Q

97.This supporting structure surrounds the AV, pulmonic, and aortic valves:
A.Annuli fibrosa
B.Trigona fibrosa
C.Septum membranaceum
D.Purkinje fibers
E.Serous pericardium

A

A.Annuli fibrosa

148
Q

98.This layer of the cardiac valve acts as the core of the valve:
A.Spongiosa
B.Ventricularis
C.Fibrosa
D.Arterialis
E.Auricularis

149
Q

99.Defined as an ultrafiltrate of plasma:
A.Lymph
B.Capillary blood
C.Proteoglycan
D.Plasma proteins
E.Water

150
Q

100.Layer/s involved in the structural organization of venous valves:
A.Tunica intima and media ‘only
B.Tunica intima only
C.Tunica adventitia
D.All three tunics
E.Tunica media and adventitia only

A

B.Tunica intima only

Histology (14 decks)

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