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Histology > 4th Histology Lecture Exam - Skin, GIT, and Accessory Organs (Batch 2024) > Flashcards

4th Histology Lecture Exam - Skin, GIT, and Accessory Organs (Batch 2024) Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The epidermis is lined by which type of epithelium?
    A. Non-keratinized simple squamous epithelium
    B. Stratified columnar epithelium
    C. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
    D. Simple columnar epithelium
A

C. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q
  1. Which epidermal layer is seen only in palms and soles?
    A. Stratum corneum
    B. Stratum lucidum
    C. Stratum spinosum
    D. Stratum basale
A

B. Stratum lucidum

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3
Q
  1. What layer is composed of cuboidal cells?
    A. Stratum basale
    B. Stratum basale
    C. Stratum granulosum
    D. Stratum corneum
A

B. Stratum basale

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4
Q
  1. Which epidermal cells are mechanoreceptors for light touch?
    A. Merkel cells
    B. Keratinocytes
    C. Melanocytes
    D. Langerhan cells
A

A. Merkel cells

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5
Q
  1. This gland is dependent on sex hormones.
    A. Apocrine sweat gland
    B. Meissner corpuscle
    C. Eccrine Sweat gland
    D. Pacinian corpuscle
A

A. Apocrine sweat gland

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6
Q
  1. Mostly found in the perineum and axillary regions.
    A. Meissner corpuscle
    B. Eccrine Sweat gland
    C. Apocrine sweat gland
    D. Pacinian corpuscle
A

C. Apocrine sweat gland

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7
Q
  1. This sweat gland is most numerous on the soles.
    A. Apocrine sweat gland
    B. Meissner corpuscle
    C. Eccrine Sweat gland
    D. Pacinian corpuscle
A

C. Eccrine Sweat gland

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8
Q
  1. Its outer capsule is made up of flattened Schwann cells.
    A. Pacinian corpuscle
    B. Eccrine Sweat gland
    C. Apocrine sweat gland
    D. Meissner corpuscle
A

A. Pacinian corpuscle

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9
Q
  1. Receptor for low frequency vibration
    A. Eccrine Sweat gland
    B. Apocrine sweat gland
    C. Pacinian corpuscle
    D. Meissner corpuscle
A

D. Meissner corpuscle

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10
Q
  1. This structure has adrenergic innervation.
    A. Apocrine sweat gland
    B. Meissner corpuscle
    C. Eccrine Sweat gland
    D. Pacinian corpuscle
A

A. Apocrine sweat gland

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11
Q
  1. Which layer of the epidermis contains keratohyaline granules?
    A. Stratum basale
    B. Stratum corneum
    C. Stratum spinosum
    D. Stratum granulosum
A

D. Stratum granulosum

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following cells are antigen presenting cells found in the skin?
    A. Langerhan cells
    B. Kupffer cells
    C. Merkel cells
    D. Pacinian corpuscle
A

A. Langerhan cells

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13
Q
  1. A new skin product is said to boost collagen production. Which of the cells is its target?
    A. Keratinocyte
    B. Merkel cells
    C. Melanocyte
    D. Fibroblast
A

D. Fibroblast

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14
Q
  1. Which is the growing part of the nail?
    A. Root
    B. Nail bed
    C. Lunula
    D. Matrix
A

D. Matrix

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15
Q
  1. Which of the following is the most abundant receptor of the skin?
    A. Free nerve endings
    B. Krause’s end bulb
    C. Ruffini’s corpuscle
    D. Pacinian corpuscles
A

A. Free nerve endings

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16
Q
  1. Where is thick skin found?
    A. Knees
    B. Palms
    C. Nape
    D. Back
A

B. Palms

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17
Q
  1. It is a thin layer composed of loose connective tissue
    A. Reticular layer of the dermis
    B. Papillary layer of the dermis
A

B. Papillary layer of the dermis

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18
Q
  1. Responsible for the elasticity of the skin
    A. Papillary layer of the dermis
    B. Reticular layer of the dermis
A

B. Reticular layer of the dermis

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19
Q
  1. Contains fibroblasts, mast cells and leukocytes
    A. Papillary layer of the dermis
    B. Reticular layer of the dermis
A

A. Papillary layer of the dermis

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20
Q
  1. Thin in eyelids, scrotum and penis.
    A. Papillary layer of the dermis
    B. Reticular layer of the dermis
A

B. Reticular layer of the dermis

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21
Q
  1. This is the outermost epithelial cell layer without nuclei or organelles
    A. Stratum corneum
    B. Stratum basale
    C. Stratum granulosum
    D. Stratum lucidum
A

A. Stratum corneum

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22
Q
  1. This epidermal cell is responsible for skin pigmentation
    A. Keratinocyte
    B. Langerhan cell
    C. Melanocyte
    D. Merkel cell
A

C. Melanocyte

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23
Q
  1. Which cell is found on the dermis?
    A. Keratinocyte
    B. Melanocyte
    C. Fibroblast
    D. Collagen
A

C. Fibroblast

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24
Q
  1. Which of the following responds to pain?
    A. Free nerve endings
    B. Krause’s end builbs
    C. Ruffini’s corpuscle
    D. Meissner’s corpuscle
A

A. Free nerve endings

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25
Q
  1. What is the correct term of cuticle?
    A. Nail bed
    B. Lunula
    C. Eponychium
    D. Root
A

C. Eponychium

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26
Q
  1. Which is not considered as an epidermal appendage?
    A. Nail
    B. Hypodermis
    C. Hair
    D. Sebaceous gland
A

B. Hypodermis

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27
Q
  1. Which epidermal layer is composed of numerous cell layers that appears pointy?
    A. Stratum lucidum
    B. Stratum spinosum
    C. Stratum germinativum
    D. Stratum basale
A

B. Stratum spinosum

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28
Q
  1. Which layer is on the surface of the skin?
    A. Stratum spinosum
    B. Stratum lucidum
    C. Stratum basale
    D. Stratum corneum
A

D. Stratum corneum

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29
Q
  1. What type of glands are the glands of Moll?
    A. Apocrine sweat gland
    B. Sebaceous gland
    C. Endocrine gland
    D. Eccrine sweat gland
A

A. Apocrine sweat gland

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30
Q
  1. Which is the receptor of fine touch?
    A. Meissner’s corpuscle
    B. Krause’s end bulbs
    C. Ruffini’s corpuscle
    D. Free nerve endings
A

A. Meissner’s corpuscle

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31
Q
  1. In the GIT, the cells that secrete antibacterial enzymes are found in which of the following?
    A. Lamina propia
    B. Intestinal villi
    C. Payer’s patch
    D. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
A

D. Crypts of Lieberkuhn

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32
Q
  1. Valves of Kerckring is a feature of which of the following?
    A. Small intestine
    B. Large intestine
    C. Stomach
    D. Esophagus
A

A. Small intestine

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33
Q
  1. Which one controls the movement of smooth muscles in the tunica muscularis?
    A. Hormonal function
    B. Effector cell action
    C. Meissner’s plexus
    D. Auerbach’s plexus
A

D. Auerbach’s plexus

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34
Q
  1. Which of the following Enteroendocrine cells of the GIT is mismatched?
    A. Gastrin – Pylorus
    B. Motilin – Antrum
    C. Secretin – Small intestine
    D. Somatostatin – Duodenum
A

B. Motilin – Antrum

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35
Q
  1. Which of the following cells of the gastric gland secretes Serotonin?
    A. Oxyntic cell
    B. Mucous neck cell
    C. Chief cell
    D. Enteroendocrine cell
A

D. Enteroendocrine cell

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36
Q
  1. Which of the following cells of the Crypts of Lieberkuhn maintain innate immunity due to antimicrobial secretion?
    A. Paneth cells
    B. Enteroendocrine cells
    C. Enterocytes
    D. Goblet cells
A

A. Paneth cells

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37
Q
  1. In which mucosal layer of the GIT can you find lacteals?
    A. Lamina propia
    B. Adventitia
    C. Muscularis mucosa
    D. Submucosa
A

A. Lamina propia

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38
Q
  1. Which one of the following controls secretion in the submucosa layer in the GIT?
    A. Meissner plexus
    B. Lacteals
    C. Auerbach plexus
    D. Smooth muscle
A

A. Meissner plexus

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39
Q
  1. Which one is not true regarding Hirschsprung Disease?
    A. Lack of peristalsis in the affected portion of the intestine
    B. Absence of Meissner plexus
    C. Due to parasitic infection
    D. Absence of Myenteric plexus
A

C. Due to parasitic infection

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40
Q
  1. Which of the following lining epithelium is matched?
    A. Stomach – simple columnar with goblet cells
    B. Intestines - simple columnar without goblet cells
    C. Esophagus – Stratified squamous keratinized
    D. Anal canal- stratified squamous non keratinized
A

D. Anal canal- stratified squamous non keratinized

41
Q
  1. In which part of the GIT is the villi the longest?
    A. Ileum
    B. Duodenum
    C. Colon
    D. Stomach
A

B. Duodenum

42
Q
  1. What cells from the ectodermal lining of the embryonic oral cavity forms the enamel?
    A. Predentin
    B. Odontoblasts
    C. Amelogenin
    D. Ameloblasts
A

D. Ameloblasts

43
Q
  1. Which condition is marked by atrophy of the intestinal mucosa caused by infections or nutritional deficiencies?
    A. Adenocarcinoma of the colon
    B. Atrophic Gastritis
    C. Malabsorption syndrome
    D. Duodenal ulcer
A

C. Malabsorption syndrome

44
Q
  1. A 40 y/o bank manager was admitted because of Pernicious Anemia. Biopsy was taken for diagnostic studies. Which cells are destructed that will result to this condition?
    A. Parietal cells
    B. Paneth cells
    C. Goblet cells
    D. Chief cells
A

A. Parietal cells

45
Q
  1. Taste buds are not seen in which of the following?
    A. Tongue
    B. Epiglottis
    C. Pharynx
    D. Esophagus
A

D. Esophagus

46
Q
  1. Which one is the primary function of lacteals in the small intestine?
    A. Absorption of amino acids
    B. Absorption of chylomicrons
    C. Absorption of salts
    D. Absorption of glucose
A

B. Absorption of chylomicrons

47
Q
  1. Dentin contains which of the following collagen fibers?
    A. Type1
    B. Type 4
    C. Type 2
    D. Type 3
A

A. Type1

48
Q
  1. Which one initiates digestion of proteins in the stomach?
    A. Gastrin
    B. Hydrochloric acid
    C. Cholecystokinin
    D. Pepsin
A

D. Pepsin

49
Q
  1. A 60 y/o male was admitted because of tongue cancer. Biopsy was done but the pathologist can’t find taste buds. What papilla was the biopsy taken?
    A. Foliate
    B. Circumvallate
    C. Fungiform
    D. Filiform
A

A. Foliate

50
Q
  1. Which one stimulates the secretion of acid by parietal cells and has a trophic effect on gastric mucosa?
    A. Somatostatin
    B. Pepsin
    C. Serotonin
    D. Gastrin
A

D. Gastrin

51
Q
  1. A 25 y/o female was diagnosed to have Carcinoid tumor. The hormone secreted by this tumor is responsible for which of the following?
    A. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion
    B. Gall bladder contraction
    C. Increased gut motility
    D. Decrease sense of hunger
A

C. Increased gut motility

52
Q
  1. Diarrhea may result if which of the following organs fails to carry out its role in absorbing water from the feces?
    A. Small intestine
    B. Colon
    C. Anal canal
    D. Jejunum
A

B. Colon

53
Q
  1. The cytoplasm of parietal cells is intensely eosinophilic due to the high density of which of the following?
    A. Golgi apparatus
    B. Ribosomes
    C. Endoplasmic reticulum
    D. Mitochondria
A

D. Mitochondria

54
Q
  1. Which one is specific for duodenum?
    A. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
    B. Lacteals
    C. Intestinal gland
    D. Brunner’s gland
A

D. Brunner’s gland

55
Q
  1. Hyperacidity of the stomach is due to
    hypersecretion of which cell?
    A. Parietal cell
    B. Mucous neck cell
    C. Columnar cell
    D. Zymogenic cell
A

A. Parietal cell

56
Q
  1. The mineralized tissue that covers the roots of the tooth is which of the following?
    A. Cementum
    B. Crown
    C. Enamel
    D. Dentin
A

A. Cementum

57
Q
  1. Which one of the following regarding the oxyntic cells is not correct?
    A. Contains intracellular canaliculus
    B. Secretes an intrinsic factor for Vitamin B12 absorption
    C. Has an abundance of mitochondria
    D. Has a basophilic granular cytoplasm
A

D. Has a basophilic granular cytoplasm

58
Q
  1. What digestive phase involves enzymes to break the food into smaller molecules for absorption in the circulation?
    A. Fragmentation
    B. Absorption
    C. Digestion
    D. Ingestion
A

C. Digestion

59
Q
  1. Which one is associated with an incompetent barrier at the gastroesophageal junction due to a decrease lower esophageal sphincteric tone?
    A. Esophageal ulcer
    B. Gastroesophageal reflux
    C. Esophageal varices
    D. Reflux esophagitis
A

B. Gastroesophageal reflux

60
Q
  1. Lipid absorption takes place in which segment of GIT?
    A. Stomach
    B. Ileum
    C. Pylorus
    D. Duodenum and upper jejunum
A

D. Duodenum and upper jejunum

61
Q
  1. Which one is true to appendix?
    A. Long intestinal glands
    B. Infiltration with lymphocytes
    C. Few lymphoid follicles
    D. Has taenia coli
A

B. Infiltration with lymphocytes

62
Q
  1. Which of the following would result to a reduced number of Paneth cells?
    A. Increased intestinal bacteria
    B. Decreased mucus secretion
    C. Increased intestinal fats
    D. Reduced sugar breakdown
A

A. Increased intestinal bacteria

63
Q
  1. Which one secretes acid glycoproteins that protects the mucosal lining?
    A. Parietal cells
    B. Goblet cells
    C. APUD cells
    D. Fundic glands
A

B. Goblet cells

64
Q
  1. The Exocrine product of the liver is which of the following?
    A. Bile
    B. Lipase
    C. Secretin
    D. Cholecystokinin
    E. Trypsin
A

A. Bile

65
Q
  1. The following structures are contained in the portal canal, EXCEPT:
    A. branch of hepatic artery
    B. none of the above
    C. bile ductule
    D. central vein
    E. branch of portal vein
A

D. central vein

66
Q
  1. Which structural organization of the liver has the branches of the hepatic artery at the periphery?
    A. All of the above
    B. Hepatic acini
    C. Centroacinar
    D. Portal lobule
    E. Classical lobule
A

E. Classical lobule

67
Q
  1. Which lobule arrangement is consistent with other exocrine glands?
    A. Classical lobule
    B. Portal lobule
    C. All of the above
    D. Hepatic acini
    E. Centroacinar
A

B. Portal lobule

68
Q
  1. What is the site of primary function of the hepatic circulation?
    A. terminal portal venules
    B. capillaries
    C. peribiliary plexus
    D. sinusoids
    E. none of the above
A

D. sinusoids

69
Q
  1. Which is the zone found at the center of the hepatic acinus?
    A. Zone of varying activity
    B. Zone of permanent function
    C. None of the above
    D. Zonula adherens
    E. Zone of permanent repose
A

E. Zone of permanent repose

70
Q
  1. The portal triad is at the center of what hepatic structural organization?
    A. Hepatic acini
    B. Classical lobule
    C. Zone of permanent repose
    D. Portal lobule
    E. Zone of permanent function
A

D. Portal lobule

71
Q
  1. Which one is the drainage system of the liver?
    A. Portal vein
    B. Bile canaliculi
    C. Hepatic artery
    D. Hepatic vein
    E. Sinusoids
A

D. Hepatic vein

72
Q
  1. The portal vein supplies this much blood to the liver:
    A. 90%
    B. 30-50%
    C. 15-25%
    D. 55-65%
    E. 70-80%
A

E. 70-80%

73
Q
  1. The Functional unit of liver is which of the following?
    A. Bile canaliculi
    B. Sinusoid
    C. Classical lobule
    D. Hepatocyte
    E. Acini
A

E. Acini

74
Q
  1. The following statements regarding Kupffer cells are TRUE, EXCEPT:
    A. They possess villous projections called
    vermiform bodies.
    B. There is abundance of lysosomes, Golgi
    complexes and RER’s in the cytoplasm.
    C. None of the above
    D. Majority of the cell’s surface is exposed to sinusoidal blood.
    E. They are usually situated on the endothelium.
A

C. None of the above

75
Q
  1. Which is the most abundant cell in the liver?
    A. Fat-storing cell
    B. Kupffer cell
    C. Endothelial cell
    D. Hepatocyte
    E. Pit cell
A

D. Hepatocyte

76
Q
  1. Which of these cells possess short pseudopods and are non-phagocytic?
    A. Interstitial cell
    B. Kupffer cell
    C. Fat-storing cell
    D. Pit cell
    E. Endothelial cell
A

D. Pit cell

77
Q
  1. Which statement regarding the Space of Disse is FALSE?
    A. Plasma is free to move around this space.
    B. Collagen fibrils and unmyelinated nerve axons are found in it.
    C. It is occupied by a true ground substance.
    D. None of the above (All are TRUE).
    E. It lies between the sinusoid lining and
    hepatocyte.
A

C. It is occupied by a true ground substance.

78
Q
  1. Which of the following substance in the hepatocyte cytoplasm appear as rosettes or dense aggregates when seen under the electron microscope?
    A. Lipids
    B. Reticular fibers
    C. Glycogen
    D. Ribosomes
    E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A

C. Glycogen

79
Q
  1. TRUE of the hepatocyte, EXCEPT:
    A. It is binucleate in 75% of cases.
    B. It is polyhedral, having 6 or more sides.
    C. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum assumes
    branched and anastomosing sections.
    D. Ribosomes in the RER is responsible for the
    basophilic cytoplasm.
    E. None of the above (All are TRUE)
A

A. It is binucleate in 75% of cases

80
Q
  1. TRUE of the bile cannaliculi, EXCEPT:
    A. Has no walls.
    B. Possesses short microvilli directed at the
    lumen.
    C. None of the above (All are TRUE)
    D. Lumen is a mere expansion of the intercellular space.
    E. Occluding junctions prevent escape of bile into intercellular cleft.
A

C. None of the above (All are TRUE)

81
Q
  1. Which is the most branch of the biliary tree?
    A. bile ducts
    B. cholangioles
    C. bile cannaliculi
    D. portal canal
    E. bile ductules
A

C. bile cannaliculi

82
Q
  1. Muscles first appear in which segment of the biliary tree?
    A. cystic duct
    B. common bile duct
    C. bile cannaliculi
    D. hepatic duct
    E. interlobular bile ducts
A

B. common bile duct

83
Q
  1. Which one is the lining epithelium of gallbladder?
    A. stratified cuboidal
    B. simple cuboidal
    C. stratified squamous
    D. simple tall columnar
    E. pseudostratified columnar
A

D. simple tall columnar

84
Q
  1. Tubuloalveolar glands are present at which segment of the gallbladder?
    A. cystic duct
    B. body
    C. neck
    D. fundus
    E. all of the above
A

C. neck

85
Q
  1. What cells make up the endocrine part of the pancreas?
    A. islet of Langerhans
    B. acinar cells
    C. centroacinar cells
    D. none of the above
    E. zymogen granules
A

A. islet of Langerhans

86
Q
  1. What is the functional unit of the exocrine pancreas?
    A. Acinar tissue
    B. Beta cells
    C. Delta cells
    D. Centroacinar cell
    E. Alpha cells
A

A. Acinar tissue

87
Q
  1. What pancreatic cell secretes the hormone glucagon?
    A. Alpha cells
    B. PP cells
    C. G cells
    D. Delta cells
    E. Beta cells
A

A. Alpha cells

88
Q
  1. What pancreatic endocrine product affects the blood sugar level by decreasing it?
    A. Gastrin
    B. Pancreatic polypeptide
    C. Somatostatin
    D. Insulin
    E. Glucagon
A

D. Insulin

89
Q
  1. What is the predominant cell type in the endocrine pancreas?
    A. Centroacinar cell
    B. Acinar cell
    C. Beta cell
    D. Alpha cell
    E. Delta cell
A

C. Beta cell

90
Q
  1. The Functional unit of the endocrine pancreas is which of the following?
    A. Acinar tissue
    B. Centroacinar cell
    C. Alpha cell
    D. Islets of Langerhans
    E. Beta cell
A

D. Islets of Langerhans

91
Q
  1. The following salivary glands are purely mucous, EXCEPT:
    A. Lingual gland of Nuhn
    B. Glands at the root of the tongue
    C. Palatine glands
    D. Glossopalatine glands
    E. none of the above (all are purely mucous)
A

A. Lingual gland of Nuhn

92
Q
  1. Which of the following glands is purely serous?
    A. Parotid gland
    B. Submandibular gland
    C. Glands of von Ebner
    D. Sublingual gland
    E. Lingual gland of Blandin
A

C. Glands of von Ebner

93
Q
  1. Which of the following glands is purely serous?
    A. Parotid gland
    B. Submandibular gland
    C. Glands of von Ebner
    D. Sublingual gland
    E. Lingual gland of Blandin
A
94
Q
  1. Which gland opens into the vestibule?
    A. Submandibular gland
    B. Glossopalatine gland
    C. Sublingual gland
    D. Parotid gland
    E. Palatine glands
A

D. Parotid gland

95
Q
  1. Which one is the lining epithelium of larger ducts of salivary glands?
    A. Endothelial cell
    B. Stratified cuboidal
    C. Low cuboidal
    D. Squamous cell
    E. Pseudostratified columnar
A

E. Pseudostratified columnar

96
Q
  1. What is the glandular composition of the parotid gland?
    A. Purely mucous
    B. Seromucous (mixed)
    C. Purely serous
A

B. Seromucous (mixed)

97
Q
  1. Serous cells displaced to the terminal portion of the gland:
    A. basal myoepithelial cells
    B. saliva
    C. goblet cells
    D. demilunes of Giannuzzi
    E. none of the above
A

D. demilunes of Giannuzzi

98
Q
  1. Which one has contractile properties to facilitate flow of secretions into the ducts?
    A. saliva
    B. none of the above
    C. goblet cells
    D. demilunes of Giannuzzi
    E. basal myoepithelial cells
A

E. basal myoepithelial cells

99
Q
  1. Which one opens at the tip of the sublingual papilla, adjacent to the lingual frenulum?
    A. Stensen’s duct
    B. duct of Santorini
    C. duct of Soledad
    D. Wharton’s duct
    E. duct of Wirsung
A

D. Wharton’s duct

Histology (14 decks)

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