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Biology > LC Ecology > Flashcards

LC Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

Sun

A

Primary source of energy for our planet

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2
Q

Feeding

A

Allows energy to be passed on in an ecosystem from one organism to the next

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3
Q

2 types of feeding

A

Producer (autotrophs)

Consumer (heterotrophs)

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4
Q

Producer

A

Organism that carried out photosynthesis

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5
Q

Consumer

A

Organism that takes in food from another organism

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6
Q

Chemical equation for photosynthesis

A

CO2 + H2O -Sun+Chlorophyll-> Food(Glucose) + O2

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7
Q

Chemical equation for energy release in plants

A

Food + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + a Energy

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8
Q

Examples of producers

A

Plants
Seaweed (algae)
Some bacteria

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9
Q

Types of consumers

A 
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Detritus feeder
Decomposer
Scavenger
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10
Q

Herbivore

A

Eats plants only e.g rabbit

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11
Q

Carnivore

A

Eats animals only e.g lion

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12
Q

Omnivore

A

Eats both plants and animals e.g humans

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13
Q

Detritus feeder

A

Feeds on remains of dead and decomposing organisms e.g maggots

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14
Q

Decomposer

A

Feeds on dead organic matter e.g bacteria

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15
Q

Scavenger

A

Feeds on animals killed by another source

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16
Q

Grazing food chain

A

Starts with a living plant

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17
Q

Detritus food chain

A

Starts with dead organic matter

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18
Q

Trophic level

A

The feeding stage of an organism in a food chain

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19
Q

Example of a grazing food chain

A

Grass-> Rabbit-> Fox

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20
Q

Example of a detritus food chain

A

Fallen leaves -> Earthworm -> Black bird -> Cat

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21
Q

Food web

A

A series of interlinked food chains

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22
Q

Food chain

A

A one to one series of organisms, with each organism feeding on the previous member

23
Q

Niche

A

The role an organism plays in the community

24
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

A representation of the number of organisms at each trophic level

25
Q

Example of a niche

A

Top predator lion

26
Q

Capture Recapture method

A

Method of estimating the number of animals in a habitat

27
Q

Steps to the Capture Recapture method

A
  1. Trap a number of animals. Record how many + mark each one.
  2. Release the animal again.
  3. 2-3 days later trap more of the same type of animal.
  4. Record how many you catch and how many have marks.
  5. Estimate the population by using the population estimate formula.
28
Q

Population estimate formula

A

C1 + C2 / M2 ( C1 = Number Caught 1st time, C2 = Number Caught 2nd time, M2 = Number marked 2nd time)

29
Q

2 main elements in nutrient cycle

A

Carbon cycle

Nitrogen cycle

30
Q

2 main causes of global warming

A

Burning of fossil fuels

Deforestation

31
Q

Nutrient recycling

A

The way in which elements are exchanged between the living and non-living components of an ecosystem.

32
Q

The use of nitrogen

A 
Production of: 
protein
DNA
RNA 
Nucleic acid
33
Q

Nitrogen in the cycle

A

Nitrogen in the air is inert and can’t be used by plants and animals directly.

34
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

Process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia, ammonium and nitrate

35
Q

Nitrogen fixation is carried out by who/what?

A

bacteria in the soil,
lightning
volcanic activity

36
Q

Decomposition

A

Dead plants and animals are broken down by fungi and bacteria. This process produces ammonia.

37
Q

Nitrification

A

Conversion of ammonia and ammonium to nitrites then to nitrates

38
Q

Denitrification

A

Conversion of nitrates to nitrogen gas

39
Q

Four processes in the nitrogen cycle

A

Nitrogen fixation, decomposition, nitrification, denitrification

40
Q

Pollution

A

Any harmful addition to the environment

41
Q

Pollutant

A

Harmful additions to the environment

42
Q

Conservation

A

The wise management of the existing natural resources in an ecosystem, in order to maintain a wide range of habitats and prevents the death and extinction of organism

43
Q

Ozone depletion: pollutant

A

CFC

44
Q

Ozone depletion:Effects of CFC

A

Increases skin cancer, cataracts, weaken immunity
Damages crops and plants
Plankton depletion: effects food chain, possibly less oxygen

45
Q

Ozone depletion: Control CFC

A

Replaced w/hydrofluorocarbons
Products containing CFC should not be used
Fridges are disposed in an environmentally friendly way

46
Q

Slurry

A

Liquid waste produced by animals

47
Q

Eutrophication

A

Addition of nutrients to fresh water

48
Q

Waste management:agriculture

A

Slurry is dumped in lakes algae grows (algal bloom)
When it dies it absorbs oxyegn -> oxygen depletion
Causes eutrophication
Animals die
Slurry is spread on dry land during the summer for the provision of nutrients

49
Q

Waste management: Fisheries

A

Remains: heads, tails, fins, intestines, diluted blood, etc.
Pulped and dried
Fed to pigs or used as fertilizer

50
Q

Waste management: Forestry

A

Treetops and sawdust - processed to make wood products
Small branches - forest floor help machines move
Stumps, roots - rot naturally, feed for the next generation of trees

51
Q

Problems with waste disposal

A

Spread of disease in water supplies
Nutrients from waste in water -> eutrophication
Landfill - unsightly, attracts rats
Incinerators - release toxic fumes

52
Q

Sewage: primary treatment

A

Screened
Filtered
Removes large objects

53
Q

Sewage: Secondary treatment

A

Biological treatment
Bacteria and fungi breaks down most of the organic matter
Remains treated with chloride

54
Q

Sewage: Tertiary Treatment

A

Remove mineral nutrient e.g phosphate and nitrate

Biology (27 decks)

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