Enzyme

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

All the chemical reactions in an organism

Question 2

Sunlight energy

Answer 2

The primary source of energy for life on Earth

Question 3

Cellular Energy

Answer 3

Energy stored in the bonds of biomolecules

Question 4

Catalyst

Answer 4

A substance that speeds up a reaction, without itself being used up in the reaction

Question 5

Enzymes

Answer 5

Proteins that speed up a reaction without being used up in the reactions

Question 6

Features of enzymes

Answer 6

Made of protein
Specific shape for its specific substrate
Complex 3-D shape
Their reactions are reversible

Question 7

Catabolic enzyme

Answer 7

Breaks down a substance into simpler parts e.g amylase, pepsin, lipase

Question 8

Anabolic emzyme

Answer 8

Convert simple substances into more complex substances
E.g DNA ligase used in genetic engineeringto join 2 DNA
DNA polymerase - forms and repairs DNA

Question 9

Denatured enzyme

Answer 9

Has lost its shape and can no longer function

Question 10

Affecting factors in enzymes: Temperature

Answer 10

Low temperature
-> ice forms
Cells are solid
Enzymes are frozen and cannot work

High temperature
Loses its shape
Becomes denatured

Question 11

Affecting factors of enzymes: pH

Answer 11

Only works at 6-8 optimum pH

Loses its and becomes denatured if its too high

Question 12

Immobilized enzyme

Answer 12

Enzymes that are attached, or fixed, to each other or to an inert material

Question 13

Bioprocessing

Answer 13

The use of enzyme-controlled reactions to produce a product

Question 14

Bioreaction

Answer 14

A vessel or a container in which living cells or their producers are used to make a product

Question 15

Method of immobilizing enzyme

Answer 15

Attached to each other. (By absorption)
Attached to insoluble supports (By absorption)
Enclosed within a membrane or gel

Question 16

Advantages of immobilized enzymes

Answer 16

Reusable - cost effective
Immobilizing enzymes increases stability
Cheaper process than using free enzymes

Question 17

Uses of immobilized enzymes

Answer 17

Glucose isomerase - turns glucose to sweeter fructose
Penicillin acylase - alters fhe structure of penicllin. Expensive + reusable
Lactase - converts lactose into into simpler sweeter sugars (glucose+ galactase) turns condensed milk into caramel

Question 18

Active site

Answer 18

The part of an enzyme that combines with the substrate

Question 19

Mechanism of enzyme action

Answer 19

Enzyme combines with substrate
Active site is induced or changes shape to fit into the substrate Enzyme-substrate complex is formed. Bonds in subsrtate alter to make substrate into product
Products leave the active site
Enzyme returns back to its original shape

Question 20

Enzyme specificity

Answer 20

Each enzyme will react with only one particular substrate

Question 21

Optimum pH

Answer 21

The pH value at which the enzyme works best

Question 22

Causes of denaturation

Answer 22

Heat
pH
Radiation

Question 23

ADP

Answer 23

Adenosine Diphosphate
Low energy molecule
Contains:
Ribose-five carbon sugar
Adenine-base in DNA + RNA 
Two phosphates (unstable bond)

Question 24

ATP

Answer 24

High energy molecule
Short term energy carrier (moves around in cell)
ATP + Water -> ADP + P + Energy (release energy)
Glucose is broken down into ATP
ATP provides energy for human functions

Question 25

NADP+*

Answer 25

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
Low-energy molecule
Can accept 2electrons + 1 Hydrogen ion -> NADPH
Called molecule reduction

Question 26

NADPH

Answer 26

High Energy molecule
Carries electron and hydrogen
Those are used for photosynthesis to make glucose
Releases electrons and hydrogen when broken down

Question 27

NAD+*

Answer 27

Low energy molecule

Used in respiration

Question 28

NADH

Answer 28

High energy molecule

Used for respiration