Excretion

Question 1

Ectotherms

Answer 1

Gain or lose heat from or to the external environment

Question 2

Endotherms

Answer 2

Generate their own heat through metabolic reactions

Question 3

Malpighian layer

Answer 3

Constantly divides through mitosis to make new skin cells

Question 4

Granular layer

Answer 4

Pushes the new cells through keratin is added here to harden it

Question 5

Cornified layer

Answer 5

Where dead cells are on the surface of the skin

Question 6

Function of the skin

Answer 6

Epidermis acts as barrier prevents pathogens from entering
Melanin protects skin from UV rays
Sebum prevents dry skin
Vitamin D is absorbed
Temperature is regulated through sweat

Question 7

Function of kidney

Answer 7

Excretion
Osmoregulation
pH control

Question 8

Kidenys:Filtration

Answer 8

Blood enters nephron to afferent arteriole and filters glucose, amino acids, vitamins, urea etc from glomerulus to bowman’s capsule
Proteins like rbc, wbc and hormones don’t enter glomerular filtrate

Question 9

How does the structure of the glomerulus lead to efficient filtration

Answer 9

Afferent arteriole is bigger than efferent arteriole which oeads to bigger blood pressure
Bigger surface area
Porous walls

Question 10

Kidneys:Reabsorption

Answer 10

Proximal convoluted tubule- water is reabsorbed by osmosis
-glucose, amino acids and salts are reabsorbed by active transport and diffusion
Descending loop of Henle- water is reabsorbed by omsosis
- minerals reabsorbed
Ascending loop of Henle-permeable to salts -reabsorbs salts
Removal of salts from nephron to medulla making the medulla more conectrated
Helps remove water absorbed from descending loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule-reabsorbs water and salts to help control pH
Collecting duct small amount of water is reabsorbed from filtrate into ducts by osmosis

Question 11

Secretion

Answer 11

Removal of potassium and hydrogen ions in distal tubule to make it less acidic

Question 12

What makes proximal convoluted tubule good at Reabsorption

Answer 12

Thin wall
Long
Many foldings
Many mitochondria

Question 13

Glomerular filtrate vs Urine

Answer 13

Glomerular filtrate has more water and contains more useful molecules than urine

Question 14

ADH

Answer 14

Anti Diuretic Hormone or vasopressin
Produced in hyPothalamus 
stored and released in pituitary gland 
Osmoregulation causes more water to be reabsorbed 
ADH is carried to kidneys 
Distal tubule and collecting ducts become more permeable to water
Absorbs more water
Concentration falls 
ADH inhibitors