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Kol- Pharm 323 Spring > Laxatives > Flashcards

Laxatives Flashcards

1
Q

5 types of laxative

A
  • Bulk-forming laxatives: psyllium (Metamucil)
  • Surfactant laxative: docusate sodium (Colace)
  • Stimulant laxative: bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
  • Osmotic laxative
  • Misc: Chloride channel activator: lubiprostone (Amitiza)
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2
Q

how do we classify laxatives?

A

based on how fast you have a BM

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3
Q

when do we want to use laxatives?

A

When do we want to use laxatives?

  • short term basis
  • prevention of straining: post op, opioids, cardiac
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4
Q

When do we NOT want to give laxatives?

A
  • acute abdomen - s/s of appendicitis, diverticulitis, UC –> bowel perf
  • fecal impaction/obstruction –> bowel perf
  • habitually to manage constipation
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5
Q

Constipation is more defined by stool ______ than _____

A

consistency, frequency

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6
Q

prototype for bulk forming laxative

A

Psyllium (Metamucil)

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7
Q

how does Psyllium (Metamucil) fxn?

A 
Acts like dietary fiber --> Pull water into stool
• increases mass
• softens stool 
• feeds colonic bacteria
• increases peristalsis 
• *works to decrease cholesterol
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8
Q

admin for Psyllium (Metamucil)

A

give w/ full glass of water

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9
Q

risk of _______ w/ Psyllium (Metamucil)

A

intestinal obstruction

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10
Q

Psyllium (Metamucil)- prevent or treat constipation?

A

preventative

- okay to use daily

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11
Q

onset of action for Psyllium (Metamucil)

A

1-3 days (III)

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12
Q

prototype for Surfactant Laxatives

A

docusate sodium (Colace)

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13
Q

how does docusate sodium (Colace) fxn?

A

Lower surface tension

  • -> increase fluid in stool by inhibiting fluid absorption
  • softens stool, causes secretion of water and electrolyte into the intestine
  • site of action is small intestine and colon

(makes it easier to go- falls right out of your dooky hole)

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14
Q

indication for using ducosate sodium?

A

• post surgical, cardiac, postpartum: prevent straining

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15
Q

is ducosate sodium preventative or treatment for constipation?

A

preventative

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16
Q

admin for docusate sodium (Colace)

A

full glass of water

17
Q

onset of docusate sodium (Colace)

A

1-3 days (III)

18
Q

prototype for osmotic laxatives

A

polyethylene glycol (Miralax)

19
Q

how do osmotic laxatives fxn?

A

Nonabsorbable compound

• pull water into intestinal lumen –> fecal mass swells and stimulates peristalsis

20
Q

indication for low dose vs high dose osmotic laxatives

A

low dose: Used for chronic constipation, Daily use, PREVENTATIVE

high dose: Bowl Prep in high dose, TREATMENT

21
Q

side effects of polyethylene glycol (Miralax) (low dose)

A

Nausea, abd. Bloating, cramping, flatulence

22
Q

onset of osmotic laxatives: low vs high dose

A

low: 2-4 days
high: 2-6 hours

23
Q

milk of magnesia is _______ laxative. It is contraindicated in _____ patients

A

osmotic

renal

24
Q

considerations for high dose osmotic laxatives

A
  • Risk of dehydration
  • Not used in renal dysfunction or cardiac patients
  • Deaths associated with use
25
Q

lactulose is a ______ laxative

A

osmotic

26
Q

lubiprostone (Amitiza) falls in what class of laxative?

A

misc!

27
Q

how does lubiprostone (Amitiza) fxn?

A

Selective Chloride channel activator
• promotes the secretion of Cl rich fluid into the intestine
• enhances motility of small and large intestine

28
Q

lubiprostone (Amitiza) onset

A

w/in 24 hours

29
Q

indication for lubiprostone (Amitiza)

A

Irritable bowel syndrome, Chronic idiopathic constipation , Opioid induced constipation

30
Q

lubiprostone (Amitiza)- preventative or treatment

A

preventative, daily use

31
Q

side effects of lubiprostone (Amitiza)

A

nausea

32
Q

admin of lubiprostone (Amitiza)

A

take w/ food and water

gotta have food when ur ready for lube

33
Q

why does laxative abuse occur? explain the patho

A

• normal filling of bowel results in defecation reflex
◦ only a portion of bowel empties out during BM, then fills, and reflex to poop again
______
• with stimulant or osmotic laxative that clears the entire bowel, it takes a long time for bowel to refill and cause defecation reflex –> + bowel forgets to work due to being used to exogenous stimulation

Kol- Pharm 323 Spring (41 decks)

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