Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Honors Anatomy > LAST ONE > Flashcards

LAST ONE Flashcards

1
Q

What aids sperm in reaching the egg

A

sperm must move upward through uterus by lashing its tail and is aided by muscular contractions within walls of uterus. high concentration of estrogens during first part of a watery fluid that promotes sperm transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what helps sperm penetrate egg

A

enzymes are released from sperm cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what keeps the rest of the sperm from entering

A

after fertilization, enzyme change the membrane of egg to prevent entry of additional sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what completes fertilization

A

fusion of the nuclei of sperm and egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fertilized egg cell with 46 chromosomes

A

zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cells undergo mitosis giving rise to smaller cells

A

cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the ball of cells moves down uterine tube where it implants in the _____ as a blastocyst

A

endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

formed from embryonic and maternal cells that attaches embryo to uterine wall

A

placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the purpose of human chorionic gonadotropin

A

hormone produced by embryonic cells that prevents miscarriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stimulate breast development and prepares mammary glands for milk secretion

A

placental lactogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

secretion promotes retention of sodium and body fluid

A

aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

helps maintain a high concentration of maternal blood calcium

A

parathyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the time period considered an embryo

A

from beginning of 2nd week - 8th week of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 week old embryo with 3 primary germ layers

A

gastrula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

membrane that forms outermost covering around embryo and helps form placenta

A

chorion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

projections that extend from chorion and help attach embryo to uterine wall

A

chorionic villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

separates embryonic blood within capillaries of villi from maternal blood

A

placental membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

membrane that encircles embryo and contains amniotic fluid

A

amnion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

structure that connects embryo to placenta

A

umbilical cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

membrane that attaches to underside of embryo and forms blood cells in early development

A

yolk sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

tube extending from yolk sac and gives rise to umbilical cord blood vessels

A

allantois

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the time period considered a fetus

A

begins at 9th week and lasts until birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how is oxygen concentration different and why

A

fetal blood carries a greater concentration of oxygen than maternal blood; more hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

blood enters fetus through umbilical vein and partially bypasses liver through the __

A

ductus venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

bypass route around lungs

A

blood enters right atrium and partially bypasses lungs and through foramen ovale. blood in pulmonary trunk partially bypasses lungs through the ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

opening in artial septum

A

foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

vessel that bypasses blood into pulmonary trunk

A

ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

4 factors that promote birth

A

progesterone decreases which stimulates release prostaglandin that promotes uterine contraction.
cervix begins to thin and open.
stretching of uterine and vaginal tissue.
pituitary gland releases hormone oxytocin which stimulates uterine contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

following birth, placenta separates from uterine wall and is expelled

A

afterbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

why is milk not secreted til birth

A

placental lactogen blocks milk production

31
Q

watery fluid, rich in protein secreted by mammary glands and contains antibodies from mother’s immune system

A

colostrum

32
Q

what causes milk to be secreted by nipple ejection

A

mechanical stimulation of nipple causes milk to be ejected

33
Q

name 4 things newborns must do

A

must begin to breathe, obtain and digest nutrients, excrete waste, and regulate body temp

34
Q

why must first breath be forceful

A

because lungs are collapsed

35
Q

how are fetal kidneys different from adult kidneys

A

kidneys are unable to produce concentrated urine so they may become dehydrated

36
Q

4 cardiovascular system changes

A

umbilical vessels constrict
ductus veriosus constrict
ductus arteriosus constricts
foramen ovale closes

37
Q

umbilical vein

A

goes to the baby

38
Q

umbilical artieres

A

leaves the baby and back to the mother

39
Q

estimated time of birth

A

266 days

40
Q

when do most women give birth

A

within ten-fifteen days of 266 days

41
Q

how are fraternal twins made

A

two ovarian follicles release egg cells simultaneously and if both are fertilized , you get fraternal twins

42
Q

how do twins develop from a single fertilized egg

A

two inner cell masses form within a blastocyst and each produce an embryo

43
Q

what is a common cause of female infertility

A

not enough secretion of gonadotropic hormones; absence of ovulation

44
Q

how can you fix female infertility? downside?

A

administering human chorionic gonadotropin or human menopausal gonadotropin; downside-overstimulate ovaries and cause many follicles to release secondary oocytes which may result in many births

45
Q

what infections can cause infertility

A

STDs-inflame uterine tubes and prevent sperm entry

46
Q

how does person know they are pregnant

A

no menstral cycle, blood vol. increases,bones may weaken, heartburn, muscle spasms

47
Q

what is in vitro fertilization

A

when mom cannot have babies because for example moms uterine tubes were removed, couples can go through this process where doc takes oocytes and mixes them with sperm then are placed into fertilized eggs

48
Q

if a woman takes an addictive substance while pregnant, what will happen to child

A

child will go through withdrawal symptoms. doc treats with some prescription drugs to treat anxiety.

49
Q

why can vitamin c be addictive

A

it is not but if fetus is used to megadoses, sudden drop in level after birth could bring symptoms of deficiency

50
Q

why are the vessels within the severed cord counted following birth

A

because if a newborn only has one umbilical artery it could be associated with other cardiovascular disorders

51
Q

what is an episiotomy

A

a clean cut in the perineal tissues because infant passing through can tear tissues

52
Q

survival of premature babies is more likely if

A

lungs are sufficiently developed for circulation of exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

53
Q

what is the age a fetus is less likely not to survive

A

a fetus less than 24 weeks or weighing less than 600 grams

54
Q

what can happen to the baby if mom is affected by german measles

A

ductus arteriosus fails to close completely

55
Q

if PDA is not corrected surgically what will happen

A

blood supply is too low to supply tissues and heart may fail

56
Q

chorionic villus sampling

A

detects birth defects

57
Q

amnoicentesis

A

chromosome abnormality; .5% chance of a miscariage

58
Q

fetal cell sorting

A

separates rare fetal cells from a pregnant womans bloodstream; safer because fetus isnt touched

59
Q

how was fetal cell sorting discovered

A

autopsy on preg woman revealed cells from embryo lodged in a blood vessel in her lung. knew it was from embryo because it was a Y chromosome

60
Q

thalidomide

A

born with flippers instead of hands and feet; didnt happen in US bc we tested it on monkeys first

61
Q

rubella

A

german measles- mom has virus and gives to baby-baby has defects

62
Q

alcohol

A

alter fetal brain chemistry

63
Q

cigarettes

A

lack important growth factor- have more miscarriages and premature babies

64
Q

accutane

A

miscarriages and defects on baby’s heart (excessive amounts of vitamin c)

65
Q

workplace

A

breathing in bad chemicals could lead to birth defects

66
Q

positives and negatives about post mortum sperm retrieval

A

collect sperm sample and donate to those who have difficulty having kids.
bad-not regulated on federal level; men are not considered dad- no child support

67
Q

what is oxygenated in babies

A

umbilical veins (red)

68
Q

what is not oxygenated in babies

A

umbilical artieries (blue)

69
Q

3 tetragens that would affect baby

A

alcohol smoking mediciine

70
Q

why do babies have a great concentration of blood than adults

A

more hemoglobin

71
Q

why do pregnant women get morning sickness

A

get harmful substances out so it doesnt harm baby, should eat fruit and veggies

72
Q

order

A

zygote blastocyst gastrula emrbyo fetus

73
Q

chorionic villus sampling

A

detects chromosomes from chorionic villi cells; for women who is going to have a child with chromosome abnormality

74
Q

fetal cell sorting

A

blood sample out of arm; all women have fetal cells in them so it separates fetal cells from theirs and examines cells- could be bad because it would be born with defects

Honors Anatomy (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions