Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Honors Anatomy > LAST ONE > Flashcards

LAST ONE Flashcards

1
Q

What aids sperm in reaching the egg

A

sperm must move upward through uterus by lashing its tail and is aided by muscular contractions within walls of uterus. high concentration of estrogens during first part of a watery fluid that promotes sperm transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what helps sperm penetrate egg

A

enzymes are released from sperm cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what keeps the rest of the sperm from entering

A

after fertilization, enzyme change the membrane of egg to prevent entry of additional sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what completes fertilization

A

fusion of the nuclei of sperm and egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fertilized egg cell with 46 chromosomes

A

zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cells undergo mitosis giving rise to smaller cells

A

cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the ball of cells moves down uterine tube where it implants in the _____ as a blastocyst

A

endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

formed from embryonic and maternal cells that attaches embryo to uterine wall

A

placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the purpose of human chorionic gonadotropin

A

hormone produced by embryonic cells that prevents miscarriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stimulate breast development and prepares mammary glands for milk secretion

A

placental lactogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

secretion promotes retention of sodium and body fluid

A

aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

helps maintain a high concentration of maternal blood calcium

A

parathyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the time period considered an embryo

A

from beginning of 2nd week - 8th week of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 week old embryo with 3 primary germ layers

A

gastrula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

membrane that forms outermost covering around embryo and helps form placenta

A

chorion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

projections that extend from chorion and help attach embryo to uterine wall

A

chorionic villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

separates embryonic blood within capillaries of villi from maternal blood

A

placental membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

membrane that encircles embryo and contains amniotic fluid

A

amnion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

structure that connects embryo to placenta

A

umbilical cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

membrane that attaches to underside of embryo and forms blood cells in early development

A

yolk sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

tube extending from yolk sac and gives rise to umbilical cord blood vessels

A

allantois

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the time period considered a fetus

A

begins at 9th week and lasts until birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how is oxygen concentration different and why

A

fetal blood carries a greater concentration of oxygen than maternal blood; more hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

blood enters fetus through umbilical vein and partially bypasses liver through the __

A

ductus venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
bypass route around lungs
blood enters right atrium and partially bypasses lungs and through foramen ovale. blood in pulmonary trunk partially bypasses lungs through the ductus arteriosus
26
opening in artial septum
foramen ovale
27
vessel that bypasses blood into pulmonary trunk
ductus arteriosus
28
4 factors that promote birth
progesterone decreases which stimulates release prostaglandin that promotes uterine contraction. cervix begins to thin and open. stretching of uterine and vaginal tissue. pituitary gland releases hormone oxytocin which stimulates uterine contraction.
29
following birth, placenta separates from uterine wall and is expelled
afterbirth
30
why is milk not secreted til birth
placental lactogen blocks milk production
31
watery fluid, rich in protein secreted by mammary glands and contains antibodies from mother's immune system
colostrum
32
what causes milk to be secreted by nipple ejection
mechanical stimulation of nipple causes milk to be ejected
33
name 4 things newborns must do
must begin to breathe, obtain and digest nutrients, excrete waste, and regulate body temp
34
why must first breath be forceful
because lungs are collapsed
35
how are fetal kidneys different from adult kidneys
kidneys are unable to produce concentrated urine so they may become dehydrated
36
4 cardiovascular system changes
umbilical vessels constrict ductus veriosus constrict ductus arteriosus constricts foramen ovale closes
37
umbilical vein
goes to the baby
38
umbilical artieres
leaves the baby and back to the mother
39
estimated time of birth
266 days
40
when do most women give birth
within ten-fifteen days of 266 days
41
how are fraternal twins made
two ovarian follicles release egg cells simultaneously and if both are fertilized , you get fraternal twins
42
how do twins develop from a single fertilized egg
two inner cell masses form within a blastocyst and each produce an embryo
43
what is a common cause of female infertility
not enough secretion of gonadotropic hormones; absence of ovulation
44
how can you fix female infertility? downside?
administering human chorionic gonadotropin or human menopausal gonadotropin; downside-overstimulate ovaries and cause many follicles to release secondary oocytes which may result in many births
45
what infections can cause infertility
STDs-inflame uterine tubes and prevent sperm entry
46
how does person know they are pregnant
no menstral cycle, blood vol. increases,bones may weaken, heartburn, muscle spasms
47
what is in vitro fertilization
when mom cannot have babies because for example moms uterine tubes were removed, couples can go through this process where doc takes oocytes and mixes them with sperm then are placed into fertilized eggs
48
if a woman takes an addictive substance while pregnant, what will happen to child
child will go through withdrawal symptoms. doc treats with some prescription drugs to treat anxiety.
49
why can vitamin c be addictive
it is not but if fetus is used to megadoses, sudden drop in level after birth could bring symptoms of deficiency
50
why are the vessels within the severed cord counted following birth
because if a newborn only has one umbilical artery it could be associated with other cardiovascular disorders
51
what is an episiotomy
a clean cut in the perineal tissues because infant passing through can tear tissues
52
survival of premature babies is more likely if
lungs are sufficiently developed for circulation of exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
53
what is the age a fetus is less likely not to survive
a fetus less than 24 weeks or weighing less than 600 grams
54
what can happen to the baby if mom is affected by german measles
ductus arteriosus fails to close completely
55
if PDA is not corrected surgically what will happen
blood supply is too low to supply tissues and heart may fail
56
chorionic villus sampling
detects birth defects
57
amnoicentesis
chromosome abnormality; .5% chance of a miscariage
58
fetal cell sorting
separates rare fetal cells from a pregnant womans bloodstream; safer because fetus isnt touched
59
how was fetal cell sorting discovered
autopsy on preg woman revealed cells from embryo lodged in a blood vessel in her lung. knew it was from embryo because it was a Y chromosome
60
thalidomide
born with flippers instead of hands and feet; didnt happen in US bc we tested it on monkeys first
61
rubella
german measles- mom has virus and gives to baby-baby has defects
62
alcohol
alter fetal brain chemistry
63
cigarettes
lack important growth factor- have more miscarriages and premature babies
64
accutane
miscarriages and defects on baby's heart (excessive amounts of vitamin c)
65
workplace
breathing in bad chemicals could lead to birth defects
66
positives and negatives about post mortum sperm retrieval
collect sperm sample and donate to those who have difficulty having kids. bad-not regulated on federal level; men are not considered dad- no child support
67
what is oxygenated in babies
umbilical veins (red)
68
what is not oxygenated in babies
umbilical artieries (blue)
69
3 tetragens that would affect baby
alcohol smoking mediciine
70
why do babies have a great concentration of blood than adults
more hemoglobin
71
why do pregnant women get morning sickness
get harmful substances out so it doesnt harm baby, should eat fruit and veggies
72
order
zygote blastocyst gastrula emrbyo fetus
73
chorionic villus sampling
detects chromosomes from chorionic villi cells; for women who is going to have a child with chromosome abnormality
74
fetal cell sorting
blood sample out of arm; all women have fetal cells in them so it separates fetal cells from theirs and examines cells- could be bad because it would be born with defects

Honors Anatomy (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions