Chapter 12 Flashcards
Liquid part of blood
Plasma
Percent of blood cells by volume
Hematocrit
Name components of blood volume and composition
Water, amino acids, protein, carbs, and lipids
What is erythrocytes shape and it’s advantage
Biconcave disc to increase surface area
Because rbc lack nuclei this means
They cannot make protein or divide.
Average count of rbc, WBC, and platelets
Rbc 4-6 million cells per mm3
WBC-5,000-10,000 cells mm3
Platelets-130,000-360,000 mm3
Where are rbc produced
Red bone marrow
Lifespan of rbc
120 days
Hormone that controls rate of rbc formation
Erythropoietin
How does the body know when to make more rbc
Kidneys and liver release hormone in response to oxygen deficiency
Name 2 vitamins that influence rbc production.
Vitamin b12 and folic acid
how come we don’t always need iron
Body reuses the iron released during decomposition of hemoglobin
Too few rbc or too little hemoglobin
Anemia
What happens to damaged rbc
Macrophages in liver and spleen that phagocytize damaged or dead rbc
General function of leukocytes
Protect against disease
Two types of WBC and differ
Granulocytes-2x size of rbc, develop in red marrow, live 12 hours
Agranulocytes-develop in red marrow and lymph organs, could live for weeks up to years
Lifespan of WBC
12 hrs-years
WBC exceeding 10,000 mm3 indicating acute infection
Leukocytosis
WBC below 5,000 mm3 during the flu, measles, mumps, chicken pox, aids
Leukopenia
Differentiated WBC count
List percentage of types of WBC
What are thrombocytes
Fragments of very large cells that develop in red marrow
Lifespans of platelets
10 days
General function of blood platelets
Help close breaks in blood vessels and form blood clots
Most abundant of the dissolved substances
Plasma
Most abundant component
Water
Smallest in size, 60% by weight, importance in osmotic pressure of plasma
Albumins
36%, transports lipids and far soluble vitamins, and provide immunity
Globulin
Largest in size, 4%, function in blood clotting
Fibrinogens
Name 3 gases
Oxygen, co2, and nitrogen
Why do lipids have to combine with protein
Lipids aren’t water soluble and plasma is 92% water. Lipids have to combine with protein in order to dissolve in plasma
Name 3 nonprotein nitrogenous substances
Amino acids, urea, Uric acid
Most abundant ions
Sodium and chloride
Why are bicarbonate ions important
Maintain asmotic pressure and pH
Stoppage of bleeding
Hemostasis
Smooth muscle in your vessel walls contract following an injury
Vasospasm
Released from the platelets to stimulate vasoconstriction and help maintain the vessel spasm
Serotonin
Causes a plug to form
Platelets adhere to rough surfaces and exposed collagens
Adhere to each other
Most effective means of hemostasis
Blood clotting
Major event of clotting
Conversion of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble threads of fibrin
Clear, yellow liquid that remains after clot forms and is plasma minus clotting factors
Serum
How does blood clot
Blood standing still or moving slowly
Blood clot forming in a vessel
Thrombus
If clot dislodges and is carried by blood
Embolus
Clumping of rbc following a transfusion reaction
Agglutination
Surface molecules on rbc that stimulate the formation of antibodies
Antigens
Protein carried in plasma that may bring about agglutination
Antibodies
Universal blood
O-
Universal recipient blood
AB+
Why is blood a tissue
It’s a group of cells
Rbc WBC platelets
Why are rbc shaped weird
More surface area for more oxygen
At crime scenes why do they pick up blood
WBC have nuclei and have DNA; rbc give no information
What are precautions that are universal
Gloves, masks, needles, scrubs, hair caps
Why do smokers have more blood
Bc lack of oxygen in lungs
Explain what King George had that killed him and where it came from
Porifera veriagada- blood pigment routed into urine instead of going into blood cell
Came from hair-red teeth, pink urine(vamp)
Out of the vegetables what has iron
Dark green leaves -spinach and kale
Increase absorption of iron
Vitamin c
What’s leukemia
Cancer of WBC, made so quickly they don’t develop correctly so cant fight
If one has leukemia what can they get done
Bone marrow transplant bc that’s where blood is made
Why do we get blood clots
Weren’t making enough heparin
What is aids
Auto immune deficiency syndrome -no immune system; wbc count too low
Genotype are
Gene (letters)
Phenotype is
Actual appearance
If blood clots, that means it
Has a positive Rh
Homozygous
Same letters
Heterozygous
Different letters
What is pulmonary embolism
Deep vain thrombosis
Causes blood to pool leading to clot- take anti coagulation
What are elastic tights used for
Compression stockings
Massages legs and pushes blood up and moves it around
How can one determine type of blood and match it
What are the two types of ways and why do we use one over the other
Serology- misses antigens that are hidden or tiny
Blood chip- detects 100 distinct DNA info
Sero is cheap, blood chip isn’t
Use serology bc 97% is correct. The rest is cross matched
A
iAiA, iAi
B
iBiB, iBi
AB
iAiB
O
ii
What’s a bruise
Blood leaked out of blood vessel and accumulates on skin
What is a scab
Outside bleeding
Hemophilia
Low platelets, scabs don’t form, keep bleeding
What does air pressure do to a scab
Pulls it in
Slow blood flow
Form scab
Too much speed
No scab
Why is embolus more dangerous
Clot travels to brain, lung, heart
Why is a clot in the foot okay
Blood can reroute- multiple paths
Everybody can receive what kind of blood?
O
Which blood type can give to anyone but cannot receive from anyone
O
What’s bomb-bay phenotype
Lacks enzymes and won’t let surface antigens stick to blood, type as O
What does rh stand for and where does it come from
Rh- rhesus
Came from the rhesus monkey
Most common blood types
O+ -40%
O- -7%
AB+ -2.5%
AB- -.5%
What is the only scenario that is incompatible rh factors
Mom -
Dad +
Largest to smallest in shape
WBC
Rbc
Platelets
