Chapter 12 Flashcards by Olivia McNamara

Liquid part of blood

Plasma

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Percent of blood cells by volume

Hematocrit

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Name components of blood volume and composition

Water, amino acids, protein, carbs, and lipids

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What is erythrocytes shape and it’s advantage

Biconcave disc to increase surface area

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Because rbc lack nuclei this means

They cannot make protein or divide.

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Average count of rbc, WBC, and platelets

Rbc 4-6 million cells per mm3
WBC-5,000-10,000 cells mm3
Platelets-130,000-360,000 mm3

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Where are rbc produced

Red bone marrow

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Lifespan of rbc

120 days

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Hormone that controls rate of rbc formation

Erythropoietin

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How does the body know when to make more rbc

Kidneys and liver release hormone in response to oxygen deficiency

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Name 2 vitamins that influence rbc production.

Vitamin b12 and folic acid

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how come we don’t always need iron

Body reuses the iron released during decomposition of hemoglobin

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Too few rbc or too little hemoglobin

Anemia

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What happens to damaged rbc

Macrophages in liver and spleen that phagocytize damaged or dead rbc

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General function of leukocytes

Protect against disease

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Two types of WBC and differ

Granulocytes-2x size of rbc, develop in red marrow, live 12 hours

Agranulocytes-develop in red marrow and lymph organs, could live for weeks up to years

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Lifespan of WBC

12 hrs-years

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WBC exceeding 10,000 mm3 indicating acute infection

Leukocytosis

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WBC below 5,000 mm3 during the flu, measles, mumps, chicken pox, aids

Leukopenia

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Differentiated WBC count

List percentage of types of WBC

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What are thrombocytes

Fragments of very large cells that develop in red marrow

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Lifespans of platelets

10 days

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General function of blood platelets

Help close breaks in blood vessels and form blood clots

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Most abundant of the dissolved substances

Plasma

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Most abundant component

Water

Smallest in size, 60% by weight, importance in osmotic pressure of plasma

Albumins

36%, transports lipids and far soluble vitamins, and provide immunity

Globulin

Largest in size, 4%, function in blood clotting

Fibrinogens

Name 3 gases

Oxygen, co2, and nitrogen

Why do lipids have to combine with protein

Lipids aren't water soluble and plasma is 92% water. Lipids have to combine with protein in order to dissolve in plasma

Name 3 nonprotein nitrogenous substances

Amino acids, urea, Uric acid

Most abundant ions

Sodium and chloride

Why are bicarbonate ions important

Maintain asmotic pressure and pH

Stoppage of bleeding

Hemostasis

Smooth muscle in your vessel walls contract following an injury

Vasospasm

Released from the platelets to stimulate vasoconstriction and help maintain the vessel spasm

Serotonin

Causes a plug to form

Platelets adhere to rough surfaces and exposed collagens | Adhere to each other

Most effective means of hemostasis

Blood clotting

Major event of clotting

Conversion of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble threads of fibrin

Clear, yellow liquid that remains after clot forms and is plasma minus clotting factors

Serum

How does blood clot

Blood standing still or moving slowly

Blood clot forming in a vessel

Thrombus

If clot dislodges and is carried by blood

Embolus

Clumping of rbc following a transfusion reaction

Agglutination

Surface molecules on rbc that stimulate the formation of antibodies

Antigens

Protein carried in plasma that may bring about agglutination

Antibodies

Universal blood

O-

Universal recipient blood

AB+

Why is blood a tissue

It's a group of cells | Rbc WBC platelets

Why are rbc shaped weird

More surface area for more oxygen

At crime scenes why do they pick up blood

WBC have nuclei and have DNA; rbc give no information

What are precautions that are universal

Gloves, masks, needles, scrubs, hair caps

Why do smokers have more blood

Bc lack of oxygen in lungs

Explain what King George had that killed him and where it came from

Porifera veriagada- blood pigment routed into urine instead of going into blood cell Came from hair-red teeth, pink urine(vamp)

Out of the vegetables what has iron

Dark green leaves -spinach and kale

Increase absorption of iron

Vitamin c

What's leukemia

Cancer of WBC, made so quickly they don't develop correctly so cant fight

If one has leukemia what can they get done

Bone marrow transplant bc that's where blood is made

Why do we get blood clots

Weren't making enough heparin

What is aids

Auto immune deficiency syndrome -no immune system; wbc count too low

Genotype are

Gene (letters)

Phenotype is

Actual appearance

If blood clots, that means it

Has a positive Rh

Homozygous

Same letters

Heterozygous

Different letters

What is pulmonary embolism

Deep vain thrombosis | Causes blood to pool leading to clot- take anti coagulation

What are elastic tights used for

Compression stockings | Massages legs and pushes blood up and moves it around

How can one determine type of blood and match it | What are the two types of ways and why do we use one over the other

Serology- misses antigens that are hidden or tiny Blood chip- detects 100 distinct DNA info Sero is cheap, blood chip isn't Use serology bc 97% is correct. The rest is cross matched

iAiA, iAi

iBiB, iBi

iAiB

What's a bruise

Blood leaked out of blood vessel and accumulates on skin

What is a scab

Outside bleeding

Hemophilia

Low platelets, scabs don't form, keep bleeding

What does air pressure do to a scab

Pulls it in

Slow blood flow

Form scab

Too much speed

No scab

Why is embolus more dangerous

Clot travels to brain, lung, heart

Why is a clot in the foot okay

Blood can reroute- multiple paths

Everybody can receive what kind of blood?

Which blood type can give to anyone but cannot receive from anyone

What's bomb-bay phenotype

Lacks enzymes and won't let surface antigens stick to blood, type as O

What does rh stand for and where does it come from

Rh- rhesus | Came from the rhesus monkey

Most common blood types

O+ -40% O- -7% AB+ -2.5% AB- -.5%

What is the only scenario that is incompatible rh factors

Mom - | Dad +

Largest to smallest in shape

WBC Rbc Platelets