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Honors Anatomy > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

0
Q

Liquid part of blood

A

Plasma

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1
Q

Percent of blood cells by volume

A

Hematocrit

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2
Q

Name components of blood volume and composition

A

Water, amino acids, protein, carbs, and lipids

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3
Q

What is erythrocytes shape and it’s advantage

A

Biconcave disc to increase surface area

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4
Q

Because rbc lack nuclei this means

A

They cannot make protein or divide.

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5
Q

Average count of rbc, WBC, and platelets

A

Rbc 4-6 million cells per mm3
WBC-5,000-10,000 cells mm3
Platelets-130,000-360,000 mm3

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6
Q

Where are rbc produced

A

Red bone marrow

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7
Q

Lifespan of rbc

A

120 days

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8
Q

Hormone that controls rate of rbc formation

A

Erythropoietin

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9
Q

How does the body know when to make more rbc

A

Kidneys and liver release hormone in response to oxygen deficiency

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10
Q

Name 2 vitamins that influence rbc production.

A

Vitamin b12 and folic acid

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11
Q

how come we don’t always need iron

A

Body reuses the iron released during decomposition of hemoglobin

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12
Q

Too few rbc or too little hemoglobin

A

Anemia

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13
Q

What happens to damaged rbc

A

Macrophages in liver and spleen that phagocytize damaged or dead rbc

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14
Q

General function of leukocytes

A

Protect against disease

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15
Q

Two types of WBC and differ

A

Granulocytes-2x size of rbc, develop in red marrow, live 12 hours

Agranulocytes-develop in red marrow and lymph organs, could live for weeks up to years

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16
Q

Lifespan of WBC

A

12 hrs-years

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17
Q

WBC exceeding 10,000 mm3 indicating acute infection

A

Leukocytosis

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18
Q

WBC below 5,000 mm3 during the flu, measles, mumps, chicken pox, aids

A

Leukopenia

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19
Q

Differentiated WBC count

A

List percentage of types of WBC

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20
Q

What are thrombocytes

A

Fragments of very large cells that develop in red marrow

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21
Q

Lifespans of platelets

A

10 days

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22
Q

General function of blood platelets

A

Help close breaks in blood vessels and form blood clots

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23
Q

Most abundant of the dissolved substances

A

Plasma

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24
Q

Most abundant component

A

Water

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25
Q

Smallest in size, 60% by weight, importance in osmotic pressure of plasma

A

Albumins

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26
Q

36%, transports lipids and far soluble vitamins, and provide immunity

A

Globulin

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27
Q

Largest in size, 4%, function in blood clotting

A

Fibrinogens

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28
Q

Name 3 gases

A

Oxygen, co2, and nitrogen

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29
Q

Why do lipids have to combine with protein

A

Lipids aren’t water soluble and plasma is 92% water. Lipids have to combine with protein in order to dissolve in plasma

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30
Q

Name 3 nonprotein nitrogenous substances

A

Amino acids, urea, Uric acid

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31
Q

Most abundant ions

A

Sodium and chloride

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32
Q

Why are bicarbonate ions important

A

Maintain asmotic pressure and pH

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33
Q

Stoppage of bleeding

A

Hemostasis

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34
Q

Smooth muscle in your vessel walls contract following an injury

A

Vasospasm

35
Q

Released from the platelets to stimulate vasoconstriction and help maintain the vessel spasm

A

Serotonin

36
Q

Causes a plug to form

A

Platelets adhere to rough surfaces and exposed collagens

Adhere to each other

37
Q

Most effective means of hemostasis

A

Blood clotting

38
Q

Major event of clotting

A

Conversion of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble threads of fibrin

39
Q

Clear, yellow liquid that remains after clot forms and is plasma minus clotting factors

A

Serum

40
Q

How does blood clot

A

Blood standing still or moving slowly

41
Q

Blood clot forming in a vessel

A

Thrombus

42
Q

If clot dislodges and is carried by blood

A

Embolus

43
Q

Clumping of rbc following a transfusion reaction

A

Agglutination

44
Q

Surface molecules on rbc that stimulate the formation of antibodies

A

Antigens

45
Q

Protein carried in plasma that may bring about agglutination

A

Antibodies

46
Q

Universal blood

A

O-

47
Q

Universal recipient blood

A

AB+

48
Q

Why is blood a tissue

A

It’s a group of cells

Rbc WBC platelets

49
Q

Why are rbc shaped weird

A

More surface area for more oxygen

50
Q

At crime scenes why do they pick up blood

A

WBC have nuclei and have DNA; rbc give no information

51
Q

What are precautions that are universal

A

Gloves, masks, needles, scrubs, hair caps

52
Q

Why do smokers have more blood

A

Bc lack of oxygen in lungs

53
Q

Explain what King George had that killed him and where it came from

A

Porifera veriagada- blood pigment routed into urine instead of going into blood cell
Came from hair-red teeth, pink urine(vamp)

54
Q

Out of the vegetables what has iron

A

Dark green leaves -spinach and kale

55
Q

Increase absorption of iron

A

Vitamin c

56
Q

What’s leukemia

A

Cancer of WBC, made so quickly they don’t develop correctly so cant fight

57
Q

If one has leukemia what can they get done

A

Bone marrow transplant bc that’s where blood is made

58
Q

Why do we get blood clots

A

Weren’t making enough heparin

59
Q

What is aids

A

Auto immune deficiency syndrome -no immune system; wbc count too low

60
Q

Genotype are

A

Gene (letters)

61
Q

Phenotype is

A

Actual appearance

62
Q

If blood clots, that means it

A

Has a positive Rh

63
Q

Homozygous

A

Same letters

64
Q

Heterozygous

A

Different letters

65
Q

What is pulmonary embolism

A

Deep vain thrombosis

Causes blood to pool leading to clot- take anti coagulation

66
Q

What are elastic tights used for

A

Compression stockings

Massages legs and pushes blood up and moves it around

67
Q

How can one determine type of blood and match it

What are the two types of ways and why do we use one over the other

A

Serology- misses antigens that are hidden or tiny
Blood chip- detects 100 distinct DNA info
Sero is cheap, blood chip isn’t
Use serology bc 97% is correct. The rest is cross matched

68
Q

A

A

iAiA, iAi

69
Q

B

A

iBiB, iBi

70
Q

AB

A

iAiB

71
Q

O

A

ii

72
Q

What’s a bruise

A

Blood leaked out of blood vessel and accumulates on skin

73
Q

What is a scab

A

Outside bleeding

74
Q

Hemophilia

A

Low platelets, scabs don’t form, keep bleeding

75
Q

What does air pressure do to a scab

A

Pulls it in

76
Q

Slow blood flow

A

Form scab

77
Q

Too much speed

A

No scab

78
Q

Why is embolus more dangerous

A

Clot travels to brain, lung, heart

79
Q

Why is a clot in the foot okay

A

Blood can reroute- multiple paths

80
Q

Everybody can receive what kind of blood?

A

O

81
Q

Which blood type can give to anyone but cannot receive from anyone

A

O

82
Q

What’s bomb-bay phenotype

A

Lacks enzymes and won’t let surface antigens stick to blood, type as O

83
Q

What does rh stand for and where does it come from

A

Rh- rhesus

Came from the rhesus monkey

84
Q

Most common blood types

A

O+ -40%
O- -7%
AB+ -2.5%
AB- -.5%

85
Q

What is the only scenario that is incompatible rh factors

A

Mom -

Dad +

86
Q

Largest to smallest in shape

A

WBC
Rbc
Platelets

Honors Anatomy (18 decks)

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