Chapter 7 Flashcards
Fibrous connective tissue covering the bone
Periosteum
Layer of hyaline cartilage covering the articulating portion of epiphysis
Articulate cartilage
Tightly packed tissue in walls of diaphysis
Compact bone
Numerous branching bony plates
Spongy (cancellous) bone
Name two types of tissue that make up bone
Compact and spongy bone
Hollow chamber in diaphysis filled with marrow
Medullary cavity
Lines medullary cavity
Endosteum
Cylinder shaped unit of bone cells surrounding a central canal
Osteons
How are two bone tissues nourished
Central canal contains blood vessels that nourish the osteons.
Spongy bone also contains osteocytes, but no osteons and are nourished by diffusion
What are the different bone formations between two bones
Intramembranous bones are flat skull bones that develop from layers of connective tissue membrane
Endochondral bone- most of the bones developed from masses of hyaline cartilage
Bone forming cells
Osteoblasts
When osteoblasts are surrounded by the matrix and mature
Osteocytes
What is the difference from primary than secondary
Primary ossification center appears in diaphysis, while secondary ossification center appears in each epiphyses
Band of cartilage that is left between two ossification centers
Epiphyseal plate
How long do bones lengthen?
Long bones lengthen until Epiphyseal plates are ossified
Bone destruction cells
Osteoclasts
State the four main bone functions
Support and protect
Body movement
Blood cell formation
Storage of inorganic salts
What is the difference between the two bone marrows
Red marrow forms red cells, white cells, platelets
Yellow marrow stores fat
What happens when blood calcium is low? High?
When blood calcium is low, osteoclasts breakdown bone releasing calcium salts
When it is high, osteoclasts form bone tissue and store calcium salts
Junctions of cranial bones
Sutures
Three tiny bones in each ear (tiniest bones in human body; developed at birth)
Ossicles
Serves as attachment for tongue and not attached to any other bone
Hyoid bone
Soft spot of babies skull
Fontanels
Provides attachment of ribs to thoracic vertebrae
Rib facets
Name the three ribs
True ribs-first 7 pair
False ribs- next 3 pair
Floating ribs- last 2 pair
Shark ridge on a bone
Spine
Structural difference between male and female pelvis
Female coxae are lighter, thinner, and have less muscle attachment
Obturator foramen and acetabulum are smaller and farther apart on females
Female pelvic cavity is wider in all directions
Female sacrum is wider
Female coccyx is more movable
Name two main arches
Longitudinal (toe-heel)
Transverse (side to side)
What causes arches to fall or for people to have flat feet
Flat feet or fallen arches result from poor prenatal nutrition, excessive weight, fatigue, incorrectly fitted shoes
State 3 categories of joints and degree of movement
Fibrous joints-no movement
Cartilaginous joint-allow limited movement (between vertebrae, symphysis pubis, and ribs)
Synovial joints-allow free movement
Lubricating fluid between joints
Synovial fluid
Shock absorbing pad of fibrocartilage
Meniscus
Fluid filled sac between joints
Bursa
Name types of synovial joints
Ball and socket, condyloid, gliding, hinge, pivot, saddle joint
