Chapter 13 extra questions Flashcards
what is pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium due to viral or bacterial infection that makes the pericardium layers stick together, making it harder to breathe and also hurts. could cause heart to stop beating properly
mitral valve prolapse
cusps of mitral valve stretches and bugles in the left atrium during vent. contraction. could cause blood to regurgitate and causes a clicking noise in the heart
what does a thrombus or embolus do
blocks and narrows a coronary artery branch deprives myocardial cells of oxygen producing angina pectoris. hurts when exercise
whats a blood clot
completely obstructing a coronary artery or one of its branches kills part of the heart. myocardial infarction or “heart attack”
what are symptoms of a heart attack
pain in left arm, tight chest, shortness of breath
what makes the noises lubb dupp
A-V valves close
semilunar valves close
what does a person need for a heart transplant
same size
same shape
same blood type
what is removed in a heart transplant and what is not
3/4 taken out-1/4 stays
posterior walls of the right and left atria and connections to vena cava and pulmonary veins are not removed.
what do heart sounds provide
information concerning the condition of heart valves
what is endocarditis and what does it lead to
inflammation of the endocardium that erodes the edges of the valvular cusps. cusps do not close completely, leaking blood back through the valve, also led to a heart murmur
atherosclerosis
deposit of fatty materials form in the inner lining of the arterial walls. protrudes in the lumens of vessels and interfere with blood flow
what treats atherosclerosis
angioplasty- plastic catheter is passed through a tiny incision in skin into lumen of affected blood vessel. little balloon is deflated then inflated when in vessel
risk factors of developing atherosclerosis
fatty diet, elevated blood pressure, smoking, lack of physcial exercise
explain blood brain barrier in brain
capillary walls are more tightly fused together, keeping toxins out and bacterias from entering. BAD- keeps out useful drugs to the brain
what is the only vein that is red and why
pulmonary vein-oxygenated- because it is coming from the lungs
flaps outside atria give more surface area
auricles
what is the only artery that is blue and why
pulmonary artery-deoxygenated-because its becoming new blood
left ventricle pumps out to the
aorta
blood in left ventricle pumps out to aorta then wheree
blood to lower body
why is left ventricle 2x as thick as right
because it has to send more blood elsewhere; sends blood to rest of the body
metrovalve prolapse or heart murmur
valve door does not close, opens in wrong direction and blood gets mixed up
where does the first blood leave and go to
heart
what do coronary arteries do
supply blood to myocardium
what is a colonary embulism
blood clot in heart wall; only one way for blood so it is terminal
what is the machine that pumps your body when you are having a heart transplant
heart bypass
what gives the heart a chance to relax
.2 seconds all 4 chambers are relaxed
what is AED
person has heart attack-sends a shock to body to restore the heart. cannot touch person or else your heart will stop
65% survive; 5% don’t
when 5 mins go by after an heart attack
lost 50% of survival
6 mins without oxygen after a heart attack
irreversible brain damage
ICD
monitors heart rhythm and will automatically shock you. saves 100,000 lives
L-VAD
maintains cardiac functions until a heart match becomes avaliable. this allows people to resume activity
what is not shown on an EKG
atria is relaxing while ventricles are contracting
what is arithmia and what are certain arithmias
heart without a rhythm. myocardium contracts abnormally-blood doesnt pump out
atrio-not life threatening ventri-deadly, contracting abnormally
aneurysm
blood vessel blisters or bubbles; bleeds internally
explain angiogensis
formation of new blood vessels and grow capillaries-need new blood vessels after heart attack. form where you have the blockage
BAD-cancerous cells thrive. grow extremely fast because tumor loves this blood process-spreads to new places. “cancer returns” cancer was removed, but it was seeded in angio cells so now theyre everywhere.
how to stop angiogensis in cancer patients
antiangio drug extends life and kemotherapy-starves tumor and dies
why are there pores in capillaries
nutrients can go in and out O2, CO2, H2O
where are places w no capillaries
tendons, ligaments, cartilage-slow to heal
difference in artery wall then vein wall
art-narrower, thicker lumen
vein-wider, contains valves, narrower lumen
What can an EKG detect and not detect
Cannot detect cardiac arrest and heart murmurs. Happen too suddenly and heart murmurs have to be heard
Can detect heart rate
