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Honors Anatomy > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the purpose of the serous fluid in the pericardial cavity

A

Serous fluid helps keep the visceral and parietal layers from sticking together

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1
Q

Name the two pericardium layers that enclose the heart

A

Visceral pericardium

Parietal pericardium

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2
Q

Outer layer (visceral pericardium)

A

Epicardium

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3
Q

Middle layer, thick cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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4
Q

Inner layer

A

Endocardium

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5
Q

Upper chambers that receive blood returning to heart

A

Atria

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6
Q

Name the veins that the atriums receive blood from

A

Vena cava, coronary sinus, and pulmonary vein

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7
Q

Lower chambers receive blood from atria and pump blood out into arteries

A

Ventricles

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8
Q

Name arteries that ventricles pump blood out to

A

Pulmonary artery and aorta

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9
Q

Solid muscular wall separates right atrium and right ventricle from left atrium and left ventricle

A

Septum

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10
Q

Between right atrium and right ventricle

A

Tricuspid

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11
Q

Between left atrium and left ventricle

A

Bicuspid (mitral)

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12
Q

Fiber strings attach to cusps of valves to prevent them from swinging back into atria

A

Chordae tendineae

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13
Q

Small mounds of muscle projecting inward from walls of ventricle and attach to chordae tendineae

A

Papillary muscles

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14
Q

Name the two semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary and aortic

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15
Q

First branches of the aorta

A

Coronary arteries

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16
Q

When a heart chamber wall contracts

A

Systole

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17
Q

When a heart chamber wall relaxes

A

Diastole

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18
Q

Series of contractions and relaxation

A

Cardiac cycle

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19
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers connecting to function as a unit

A

Functional syncytium

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20
Q

Specialized cardiac muscle tissue just beneath epicardium located in the right atrium

A

Sinoatrial node

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21
Q

Located in the inferior part of interatrial septum just beneath endocardium

A

Atrioventricular node

22
Q

Conduct impulses from AV bundle into ventricular walls

A

Purkinje fibers

23
Q

Recording of the electrical changes that occur in myocardium during a cardiac cycle

A

Electrocardiogram

24
Q

Explain what happens in P wave, QRS complex, and T wave

A

P wave-contraction of atria
QRS Complex-contraction of ventricles
T wave-relaxation of ventricles

25
Q

5 factors that regulate cardiac cycle

A

Exercise, nerve fibers, cardiac center in medulla, body temperature, and excess K and Ca ions

26
Q

Direction of blood and what kind of blood the arteries carry

A

Carry blood away from heart under high pressure

27
Q

Name the three layers of the artery

A

Tunica interna
Tunica media
Tunica externa

28
Q

Finest branches off the arteries

A

Arterioles

29
Q

Capillaries structure

A

Walls are single layer of semipermeable cells
Little pores to let nutrients in and out-vary in size
Smallest diameter blood vessel

30
Q

Muscles that regulate capillary blood flow

A

Precapillary sphincter

31
Q

3 means of transport

A

Diffusion, filtration and osmosis

32
Q

Where does excess fluid go in capillaries

A

Leaves capillaries than returns so lymph vessels collect excess fluids and returns to blood stream

33
Q

Contrast arteries and veins

A

Veins-blue arteries-red
Veins have valves, arteries do not
Arteries have a thicker smaller lumen, veins have a skinnier wider lumen

34
Q

pressure in arteries when ventricles relax

A

Diastolic pressure

35
Q

Max pressure during ventricular contraction

A

Systolic pressure

36
Q

State 4 factors that influence blood pressure

A

Heart action
Blood volume
Peripheral resistance
Blood viscosity

37
Q

Volume of blood discharged from ventricle with each beat

A

Stroke volume

38
Q

Volume of blood discharged per minute

A

Cardiac output

39
Q

Friction between blood and walls of vessel

A

Peripheral resistance

40
Q

3 factors that contribute to venous blood flow

A

Skeletal muscle contractions
Breathing movements
Venoconstriction

41
Q

Name and define 2 paths of circulation

A

Pulmonary circuit- carries blood from right ventricle to lungs and back to left atrium
and systemic circuit-carries blood from left ventricle to all other body parts and back to right atrium

42
Q

Study in book

A

On page 331

43
Q

What is hypertension

A

High blood pressure is persistently elevated arterial pressure

44
Q

Hypertension is caused by other problems. What other problems could cause hypertension

A

Kidney disease
High sodium
Obesity
Arteriosclerosis

45
Q

What is arteriosclerosis

A

Decreased elasticity of arterial walls and narrowed arterial lumens increase blood pressure

46
Q

What happens when hypertension isn’t fixed

A

Left ventricle works 2x as hard and myocardium thickens and enlarges the heart. If coronary vessels can’t support overgrowth, parts of heart will die

47
Q

When a person has low blood pressure what is the first assumption

A

Bleeding internally or on outside

48
Q

Why could astronaut walk and stand when entering earth

A

Working out and exercising in outer space helped her legs still have blood flow

49
Q

What causes orthostatic intolerance

A

Develop symptoms when standing. Blood pools in one area, kidneys excrete more fluid…Venoconstriction doesn’t occur, orthostatic intolerance doesn’t occur

50
Q

U don’t move a lot in ur sleep so how does blood move

A

Breathing moves organs up and down

51
Q

Only vein that has a pulse

A

Pulmonary vein because it’s hooked onto the heart

52
Q

How to take bp

A

First time lose heart beat-top# second time lose it-bottom#

Honors Anatomy (18 decks)

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