Chapter 14

Question 1

Similar to veins but thinner

Answer 1

Lymphatic vessels

Question 2

Name the two collecting ducts

Answer 2

Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

Question 3

Where does tissue fluid originate from

Answer 3

Plasma

Question 4

How does lymph form

Answer 4

Pressure within spaces forces tissue fluid into lymph capillaries

Question 5

What’s lymphs function

Answer 5

Returns smaller proteins to the bloodstream and transports foreign particles to lymph nodes

Question 6

How does lymph move

Answer 6

CHECK ANSWER

skeletal muscle contractions, smooth muscle contractions, and breathing movements

Question 7

Indented region where blood vessels and nerves join the lymph node

Answer 7

Hilum

Question 8

Structural units of lymph node contain large number of lymphocytes and macrophages

Answer 8

Lymph nodules

Question 9

Network of channels through which lymph circulates

Answer 9

Lymph sinuses

Question 10

Where are lymph nodes not present

Answer 10

Central nervous system

Question 11

State functions of lymph nodes

Answer 11

Filter harmful particles from lymph

Immunity provided by lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 12

Relatively large during infancy but shrinks after puberty

Answer 12

Thymus

Question 13

Resembles a large lymph node subdivided into lobules

Answer 13

Spleen

Question 14

Name the nonspecific defenses

Answer 14

Species resistance 
Mechanical barriers 
Chemical barriers
Fever
Inflammation 
Phagocytosis

Question 15

Interferons

Answer 15

Hormone like peptide in response to viruses and tumor cells

Question 16

How does fever help as a defense

Answer 16

Higher temps-liver and spleen collect iron and reduce iron level in blood. Bacteria and fungi require more iron as temp rises, growth and reproduction may stop

Question 17

how does the lymph system know what is self and what’s not

Answer 17

Before birth body cells inventory the proteins and other large molecules in the body recognizing them as self

Question 18

Small molecule that combines with larger ones becoming antigens

Answer 18

Hapten

Question 19

Where do lymphocytes originate

Answer 19

In red marrow

Question 20

Differ between
Cellular immune response
Humoral immune response

Answer 20

Cellular immune-when T cells attach to foreign antigens and interact directly
Humoral immune-when B cells attack foreign antigens indirectly with antibodies

Question 21

Differ between primary immune response

And secondary immune response

Answer 21

Primary-when B cells or T cells become activated after first encountering the antigens
Secondary-when memory cells respond if identical antigen is encountered in the future

Question 22

Natural acquired active immunity

Answer 22

Exposure to live pathogen

Question 23

Artificially acquired active immunity

Answer 23

Injection of a vaccine

Question 24

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Answer 24

Injection of a ready made antibodies

Question 25

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Answer 25

Exposure of mothers antibodies to her fetus

Question 26

Immune attack against a nonharmful substance

Answer 26

Allergic reaction

Question 27

Antigens that trigger allergic responses

Answer 27

Allergens

Question 28

Name and differ two types of allergies

Answer 28

Delayed reaction allergy-results for repeated exposure of skin to certain chemicals and may affect anyone
Immediate reaction allergy-results from an inherited tendency to overproduce antibodies in response to antigens

Question 29

Good and bad about immunosuppressive drugs

Answer 29

Used to reduce rejection

Can leave a person unprotected against infections

Question 30

Attack against yourself

Answer 30

Autoimmunity

Question 31

Causes of autoimmunity

Answer 31

Previous viral infection, faulty T cell development, or reaction to nonself antigen that resembles a self antigen

Question 32

Microscopic closed ended tubes that extend into interstitial spaces

Answer 32

Lymphatic capillaries

Question 33

3 steps to aids

Answer 33

Initial symptoms-flu
Latency period -5-10 years
Aids