Chapter 14 Flashcards
Similar to veins but thinner
Lymphatic vessels
Name the two collecting ducts
Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
Where does tissue fluid originate from
Plasma
How does lymph form
Pressure within spaces forces tissue fluid into lymph capillaries
What’s lymphs function
Returns smaller proteins to the bloodstream and transports foreign particles to lymph nodes
How does lymph move
CHECK ANSWER
skeletal muscle contractions, smooth muscle contractions, and breathing movements
Indented region where blood vessels and nerves join the lymph node
Hilum
Structural units of lymph node contain large number of lymphocytes and macrophages
Lymph nodules
Network of channels through which lymph circulates
Lymph sinuses
Where are lymph nodes not present
Central nervous system
State functions of lymph nodes
Filter harmful particles from lymph
Immunity provided by lymphocytes and macrophages
Relatively large during infancy but shrinks after puberty
Thymus
Resembles a large lymph node subdivided into lobules
Spleen
Name the nonspecific defenses
Species resistance Mechanical barriers Chemical barriers Fever Inflammation Phagocytosis
Interferons
Hormone like peptide in response to viruses and tumor cells
How does fever help as a defense
Higher temps-liver and spleen collect iron and reduce iron level in blood. Bacteria and fungi require more iron as temp rises, growth and reproduction may stop
how does the lymph system know what is self and what’s not
Before birth body cells inventory the proteins and other large molecules in the body recognizing them as self
Small molecule that combines with larger ones becoming antigens
Hapten
Where do lymphocytes originate
In red marrow
Differ between
Cellular immune response
Humoral immune response
Cellular immune-when T cells attach to foreign antigens and interact directly
Humoral immune-when B cells attack foreign antigens indirectly with antibodies
Differ between primary immune response
And secondary immune response
Primary-when B cells or T cells become activated after first encountering the antigens
Secondary-when memory cells respond if identical antigen is encountered in the future
Natural acquired active immunity
Exposure to live pathogen
Artificially acquired active immunity
Injection of a vaccine
Artificially acquired passive immunity
Injection of a ready made antibodies
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Exposure of mothers antibodies to her fetus
Immune attack against a nonharmful substance
Allergic reaction
Antigens that trigger allergic responses
Allergens
Name and differ two types of allergies
Delayed reaction allergy-results for repeated exposure of skin to certain chemicals and may affect anyone
Immediate reaction allergy-results from an inherited tendency to overproduce antibodies in response to antigens
Good and bad about immunosuppressive drugs
Used to reduce rejection
Can leave a person unprotected against infections
Attack against yourself
Autoimmunity
Causes of autoimmunity
Previous viral infection, faulty T cell development, or reaction to nonself antigen that resembles a self antigen
Microscopic closed ended tubes that extend into interstitial spaces
Lymphatic capillaries
3 steps to aids
Initial symptoms-flu
Latency period -5-10 years
Aids
