Chapter 1 Test Flashcards by Olivia McNamara

Study of how those parts work

Physiology

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Study of all our parts

Anatomy

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Study with the unaided eye

Gross anatomy

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What does “unaided” mean

No magnification

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The use of plain X-rays

Radiological anatomy

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Use of X-ray films

Cine radiography

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Scans the body with X-rays from different angles and combines them by computer to provide cross sectional image

Computer tomography (CT)

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Sound waves are directed into the body, image is obtained on basis of echoes produced

Sonography

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Interior of hollow organs can be viewed by passing a flexible tube with light and camera along them

Endoscopy

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Study with the use of microscope

Histology

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Deals with the functions of body parts

Physiology

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Study of the mind, emotions, and behaviors

Psychology

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Study of the causes and effects of diseases

Pathology

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Study of how various traits are transmitted

Genetics

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Name the characteristics of life

Movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, excretion

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Combination of the 10 characteristics of life

Metabolism

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Requirements of organisms

Water , food, oxygen, heat, pressure

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What depends on the quantities and qualities of these factors to maintain life?

Survival

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To maintain a stable internal environment

Homeostasis

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Three things that keeps homeostasis maintained

Receptors
Set point
Effectors

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Levels of organization

Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, system level

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Atoms join to form molecules which combine to make organelles

Chemical level

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Basic structural and functional unit of life

Cellular levels

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Groups of cells having a common origin become specialized for certain functions

Differentiation

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Cells are organized into tissue

Tissue level

Tissues are organized into organs

Organ level

Organs are organized into systems and they make up an organism

System level

One cell has to do all the functions and is more complex cell to cell, that one cell is more complex than we are

Amoeba

Brain

Cranial cavity

Spinal cord

Vertebral cavity

Lungs, trachea, esophagus, heart

Thoracic cavity

Separates the thoracic

Mediastinum

a sheet like structure largely composed of skeletal muscle and connective tissue that separates thoracic and abdominal cavities

Diaphragm

Upper parts: stomach, liver, spleen, gall bladder, kidneys, intestines

Abdominal cavity

Lower part: urinary bladder, reproductive organs

Pelvic cavity

Organs within a cavity (all under one name)

Viscera

How many systems of the body are there

Lines thoracic cavity

Parietal pleura

Covers lungs

Visceral pleura

Surrounds the heart

Parietal pericardium

Covers the heart

Visceral pericardium

Covers organs

Visceral

Lines or surrounds organs

Parietal

Lines the cavity

Parietal peritoneum

Covers the organs

Visceral peritoneum

Systems of the body

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproduction

Skin

Integumentary

Largest organ

Integumentary

Structure

Skeletal

Movement

Muscular

Information center

Nervous

Produces hormones

Endocrine

Transportation

Cardiovascular

Immunity

Lymphatic

Digest food

Digestive

Obtain oxygen

Respiratory

Remove liquid waste

Urinary

Reproduce

Reproduction

A body part in above another part or is closer to the head

Superior

A body part is below another body part or is toward the feet

Inferior

Towards the front (ventral)

Towards the back (dorsal)

Posterior

An imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves. A body part is this if it is closer to this line than another part

Medial

Toward the side with respect to the imaginary midline

Lateral

Describes a body part that is closer to a point of attachment than another body part

Proximal

Body part is farther from a point of attachment than another body part

Distal

Situated near the surface | Describes the location of certain blood vessels

Superficial or peripheral

Describes parts that are more internal

Deep

Refers to a lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions

Sagittal

If a section passes along the midline and divides the body into equal parts, what is it called

Median

Refers to a cut that divides the body into superior and inferior portions

Transverse

Refers to a section that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

Coronal

A cut across the structure

Cross section

An angular cut

Oblique section

Lengthwise cut

Longitudinal section

Upper middle region of the abdominal area

Epigastric

Lie on each side of the epigastric region

Left and right hypochondriac regions

Refers to the middle portion of the abdominal region

Umbilical region

Lie on each side of the umbilical region

Left and right lumbar regions

Lower middle portion of the abdominal region

Hypogastric region

Lie on each side of the hypogastric region

Left and right iliac regions